The last decade has witnessed a sharp decrease of school-aged children in the East-Asia and Pacific regions. In some affected districts in Hong Kong, for example, the insufficient student enrolment has brought to school closure. Teacher job satisfaction and principal leadership approaches have been greatly affected. In response to the situation, the Education Bureau of Hong Kong launched the Voluntary Optimisation of Class Structure Scheme (hereafter the Scheme) to cushion the shock and to lower the risk of secondary school closures. There are 220 schools participate in the Scheme involving around 12,000 principals and teachers. The Scheme has direct implications on the number of class structure and teacher career advancement. The negative impacts of the Scheme on teacher job satisfaction has since been widely discussed. Yet, there has no parallel research attention been given to this situation. This doctoral study is the first of its kind to conduct a systematic investigation into the impact of the Scheme on teacher job satisfaction looking at both the individual and contextual factors. Mixed methods include semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey were employed. Multiple Regression analyses were performed to examine the impacts of the Scheme on principal leadership and teacher job satisfaction. Additionally, the predictive factors of principal leadership for teacher job satisfaction were determined. Based on the empirical data, this presentation will discuss the obstacles and success factors of the implementation of Scheme for teacher job satisfaction. Recommendations will be made for addressing the problem in terms of principal leadership and policy enactment.

The present research aimed to explore how family functioning influenced self-determination among students with and without special educational needs. The Chinese version of the Self-Report Family Instrument and the American Institutes for Research (AIR) Self-Determination Scale were administered to 575 Hong Kong senior secondary school students without SEN and 106 with SEN in the present research. Results showed that the Chinese version of the Self-Report Family Instrument and the American Institutes for Research (AIR) Self-Determination Scale were reliable and valid among students with and without SEN. Furthermore, for students with SEN, family health significantly positively predicted self-determination. For students without SEN, family health significantly positively predicted self-determination, while family pathology significantly negatively predicted self-determination. Significance, limitations, and implications of the present research were discussed.

Much of the existing literature on social capital and university choice processes postulates that family networks of underrepresented students from poor and minority backgrounds are disadvantaged in university resources and in turn deficit in social capital returns. The literature implies that school-based networks are essential to fill the university information voids at home. Less research, however, poses questions about whether the university resources occupied by school personnel are automatically available to less-privileged minority youths. To grasp the dynamic interplay between ethnicity, class and school-based social capital, this study drew on Lin's conceptualisation of homophilous and heterophilous social networking and explored the university choice and application processes among poor and working-class South/Southeast Asian minority students in Hong Kong. The participants' accounts uncovered the restrictions of school networks on norms, expectations and accessibility of information sources. The research results raise concerns about how to activate both homophilous and heterophilous ties for minority youths' widening access to higher education.
[Copyright © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.]

以古德萊德對課程理解框架為參考，此研究從理解和實施的課程層面，調查和比較了北京、臺灣、香港三地數學教師的教科書使用情況，包括教師的備課(教科書內容的理解與評價)和課堂教學(教科書內容的選取、調適和運用)兩部分，並據此分析了三地數學教師與教科書之間的關係。研究發現，從教師對教科書的滿意度和忠誠度的角度來看，三地數學教師明顯呈現不同的教科書使用風格。研究結論對於課程實施和教師專業發展實踐都具有重要的參考意義。
[Copyright © 2017 湖南師範大學.]

Purpose: Empirical research on leadership for social justice is in progress in many parts of the world. The purpose of this paper is to explore principals' school-leadership journeys in response to social-justice issues caused by specific contextual changes at times of uncertainty. It seeks to answer the following key questions: What social-justice issues do principals identify as arising from their schools' transformation due to contextual changes? How do principals practise leadership for social justice in response to these contextual changes at different levels? Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on qualitative data from a cross-case study of two principals' school-leadership journeys. The authors pay particular attention to the understanding of leadership for social justice grounded in principals' efforts to foster equality in learning development for a diverse student population. Findings: Timely adverse conditions may be required to foster leadership for social justice in schools. The principals reacted to contextual changes at several levels, planning and implementing innovative and flexible interventions to ensure equality in students' learning development. These findings contribute to international accounts of educational leadership. Research limitations/implications: This study of leadership for social justice in schools is contextually specific. Therefore, more empirical comparisons of school leadership are required in future studies, as principals' practices vary between education settings. Originality/value: This paper offers insights into the evolution of leadership for social justice in schools in response to contextual changes. Principals' leadership strategies can be reoriented and their actions reshaped to overcome threats to social justice in schools. Accordingly, although leadership for social justice in school communities is culturally and pedagogically inclusive, it is also socially distinctive.
[Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing

本研究以香港中小學在職教師為被試，就Tschannen-Moran和Hoy(2001)編制的簡化版教師效能感量表進行中文版的修訂。探索性因子分析和驗證性因子分析結果表明：與原量表的三維度結構不同的是，中文版教師效能感量表僅包含兩個維度，即教師在課堂管理上的效能感以及教師在學與教上的效能感；修訂后的量表具有較好的信度和效度，可作為測量中小學教師自我效能感的有效工具；最后，研究者對修訂后的量表由原量表的三維度結構變為兩維度的原因和本研究存在的局限性進行了討論。
[Copyright © 2017 開明出版社.]

中國香港是東西方文化的交融之地。在教育研究的諸多方面，它既有自己的獨特之處，也相容華人世界的共性。透過對中國香港過往30年間數學教育研究成果的系統闡述，從學習、教學法、課程、評估、教師教育等研究領域做出回顧與分析。從分析可見，中國香港數學教育研究已初具規模，在國際學術界亦受到一定的認可，但同時也面臨著一些挑戰，包括學術氛圍的改變等。這些不僅是中國香港教育研究經驗的總結，也能對當前中國內地數學教育現狀和未來的發展提供一些參考和借鑒。
[Copyright © 2017 天津師範大學;中國教育學會.]

The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (Conference report, international conference on learning cities, October 21–23, Beijing, China, 2014) has promoted the idea of the learning city which highlights inclusive, lifelong learning and learning for and in the workplace as well as emphasizing quality and excellence in learning involving the use of modern technologies and the revitalization of learning in families and communities. In this chapter, we focus on the emergence and evolution of entrepreneurship education (EE) in Hong Kong, seen as a city region. In particular, we address the importance of partnerships and the participation of various stakeholders in providing quality learning opportunities. Very few studies have addressed the needs and approaches required for the continued delivery of EE programmes and activities in a sustainable way. After reviewing the literature relevant to EE, we draw on experience in Hong Kong to discuss how EE can be continued over a sustained period of time so as to create wider ranging impacts that match higher level objectives other than those at the individual level.

How schools could play a role in facilitating youngsters’ transition from school to work or from secondary school to post-secondary institution has become an important educational issue. Against this backdrop, this chapter intends to examine the means of two different secondary schools in Hong Kong of providing support for postschool planning and how these two schools and their teachers make use of the funding from the government to strengthen their support for students’ postschool planning. The two schools under review promoted classroom-based career education programmes which operated from S1 to S6. Talks and visits to businesses, companies and local universities were also organised. However, authentic career-related learning was relatively not dominant in these two schools. The implications for promoting school’s support for postschool planning are discussed.

Hong Kong has successfully implemented various education and curriculum reforms since 2000. Starting from 2009, the New Academic Structure with a new 6-year secondary (3-year junior secondary and 3-year senior secondary) curriculum and 4 years of undergraduate education has been launched. There was a review of the progress of senior secondary curriculum implementation which showed good progress and a gradual realization of the seven learning goals related to healthy lifestyle, breadth of knowledge, learning and language skills, reading habit, and national identity and responsibility. In May 2014, the Education Bureau (EDB) issued the document “Guide on Life Planning Education and Career Guidance for Secondary Schools” emphasizing that under holistic learning and lifelong education perspectives, students’ motivation on pursuing their career/academic pathway should be cultivated. Concomitant with the education reform, there was a decline or ignorance of vocational and technical education in Hong Kong in past years, but recently the government established a “Task Force on Promotion of Vocational Education” to map out a strategy to raise the awareness and promote vocational education and training in Hong Kong. Against this background, this chapter discusses how education reform has embedded and contextualized life planning and vocational and technical educations with the emerging socioeconomic changes in Hong Kong. It is argued that in senior secondary education, life planning education should not only focus on career planning and guidance but also embrace a comprehensive perspective linking life education and future-oriented approach promoting entrepreneurship and innovative spirit. For vocational and technical education, it needs to be repositioned not only focusing on vocational training but also highlighting the development of students’ generic and employment skills in knowledge-based society like Hong Kong.