Self-regulated learning (SRL) is critical to students' academic success and lifelong learning. Although the benefits of SRL have been examined in many studies, few have explored it in a broader educational context. This study presents an eight-month institutional case study that demonstrates how SRL has been developed as a pedagogy through the collective endeavours of teachers, researchers, and experts at a university in Hong Kong. A case study method protocol was followed. Data were obtained from multiple sources, including surveys of teachers (N = 93) and students (N = 215), interviews with teachers (n = 5) and students (n = 19), archived course documents, videos, and project reports. T-tests, coding, and document analysis were applied to analyse the collected data. The results showed that the teachers had good knowledge of SRL strategies but some students struggled to apply them effectively. Our study's findings have various implications for the effective promotion of SRL at the university level, and include the importance of developing a collective approach involving various members of the university, integrating responsive pedagogy, and adapting SRL strategies to students' individual needs. Future research can follow our methodology to replicate the study in different educational contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced Chinese cross-border students in Hong Kong to participate in online homeschooling for three years while local students attended face-to-face schooling when the situation released. Previous studies have explored the learning challenges or educational inequity among students in online learning during the pandemic. Limited studies explored the educational inequality between local students and cross-border students. To fill this gap, this study explored the extent of educational inequity between Hong Kong local students and Chinese cross-border students. It further investigated the elements that lead to educational inequity between these two groups of students and the long-term consequences of prolonged purely online learning for Chinese cross-border students. This study compared self-regulated learning, perceived academic achievement, and learning challenges between 35 cross-border students and 32 local students in Hong Kong primary schools. According to the questionnaire and open-ended opinion surveys, the findings showed significant evidence of educational inequity between these two groups of students. Through six teachers' semi-structured interviews, the study analyzed students' learning experiences and synthesized the elements contributing to the issue of educational inequity. The study attributed this inequity to infrastructure elements and stakeholder-related elements. Prolonged purely online learning has resulted in negative and positive effects. This study offers practical implications for the government to implement feasible policies to reduce educational inequity in cross-border education and for stakeholders to conduct effective measures to support young learners in the post-COVID world. Lastly, this study discusses the limitations and recommendations for future research. Copyright ©2023 Springer.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) relates to self-generated thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that continuously amend and improve performance, aiming to accomplish self-set goals and the ability of people’s willingness to concentrate, adjust, evaluate, and manage their own behaviour. Studies strongly suggest that students’ academic success can be better achieved when the design of e-learning environments involves the consideration of SRL development. In recent years, e-portfolios are used widely and globally in higher education and have become one of the major active learning processes in self-learning online platforms that support students’ self-reflection, learning motivation, self-efficacy, and so on. There is a significant need for more studies on the full range of factors of SRL for higher education students in e-portfolios projects, including but not limited to understanding the influences, all possible factors, technical support, and students’ learning process and/or learning outcomes related to SRL.This research study aims to collect information directly from higher education students with actual practice in and experience of e-portfolios for two consecutive semesters. The quantitative data have been collected within the Pintrich’s (2004) social–cognitive perspective of the SRL framework and used the developed self-regulation of learning self-report scale (SRL-SRS), covering the six core factors of SRL: planning, self-monitoring, evaluation, reflection, effort, and self-efficacy. The same self-report paper questionnaire was distributed to 262 undergraduate year-1 students in semester 1 and semester 2. After data filtering, pretest and posttest data obtained from 134 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. The measuring result from the Rasch model has been analysed using SPSS 21, findings included a paired sample t test and the one-within-one-between subject analysis of variance (ANOVA).On the other hand, the qualitative research positively helps collect further

This study explored emotions and self-regulatory learning in postgraduate students, forced to transition to emergency remote teaching, at a Hong Kong university after the start of the academic semester. Self-regulation is a critical factor for successful online learning, and emotions are important antecedents of self-regulated learning. The study adopted a two-phase research design, with an initial online questionnaire (n = 52) followed by semi-structured interviews (n = 16) to gain a rich and holistic understanding of students' experiences. Our findings indicate that: (1) locating a suitable location to attend online classes and sharing problems with classmates were the two most frequently self-regulatory learning strategies employed by students; (2) students experienced some enjoyment attending online classes but experienced increased pressure and time commitment to complete assigned work; (3) students found online learning to lack a sense of community, making it challenging to interact with classmates. The findings suggest teachers need to incorporate various synchronous and asynchronous collaborative activities, and they need to increase their own and students' presence online to motivate and facilitate effective teaching and learning. Copyright © 2021 by the authors.

In the era of information explosion, it is surprising to find that most of our students have not learned to self-regulate their own studies well. It might be explained by the common use of spoon-feeding teaching method since the beginning of public schooling in Asian countries. The individual differences in intelligence or diligence of students may not have been taken into careful consideration in mass class teaching. Students seem to be expected to overcome their personal limitations in order to benefit from the school curriculum. In recent studies, it is found that students’ failure to learn may be caused by insufficient ability to manage their own learning due to the lack of learning motivation, effective learning habits and skills. Self-regulated learning is widely perceived as a crucial element of successful, independent and life-long learning. Therefore, equipping students with self-regulated learning skills and empowering them to become self-regulated learners have become the major concerns of educators.The professional development programme entitled “Integrating Self-directed Learning in Classroom Pedagogy” has been offered to in-service teachers by the Education University of Hong Kong since 2017. It is a five-week block-release programme for practicing teachers. During those five weeks, the participants are encouraged to put theory into practice. They are divided into several learning circles according to their subject disciplines. Each learning circle is asked to develop effective ways of integrating self-regulated elements in their lesson design and implement the research lesson in their own schools.This paper reports an interdisciplinary lesson study of the professional development programme mentioned. Five teachers teaching the subjects of Business, Accounting and Financial Studies (BAFS), Liberal Studies, History and General Studies in primary and secondary schools were grouped together as a learning circle to plan a lesson on empowering their students

The purpose of this study is to investigate into the possibility of utilizing socio-scientific issues as a vehicle to promote students’ metacognitive regulation, self-efficacy and conceptual understanding in an ecology classroom in Hong Kong. There has been little research to assess how these constructs are influenced by an issue-based inquiry classroom environment set in ecological context, and how these constructs interact with each other. The researcher has designed a metacognitive-rich environment for learning through a socio-scientific issue in a high school ecology classroom. Students’ perceptions about the metacognitive orientation of the classroom environment were assessed by the Metacognitive Orientation Learning Environment Scale (Science) to provide evidence for the validity of the lesson design in creating a metacognitive-rich environment. The effect of embedding explicit metacognitive tasks into a socio-scientific issue on students’ self-efficacy and metacognition were assessed through a quasi-experimental study using the Motivation Strategy for Learning Questionnaire and post-lesson individual interviews. 54 students from a Hong Kong long-established boy school participated in this study. The changes of the dependent variables under study were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and a 2x2 mixed-design analysis of variance to indicate the effect of this specially designed intervention in the biology classroom. The quantitative results suggested the intervention has created significant positive effects on students’ metacognitive regulation and self-efficacy but not conceptual understanding. Results from the multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlations suggest that the three dependent variables under study are correlated. To assist in the interpretation of the quantitative findings, individual interviews with students in the intervention group were analyzed thoroughly based on the concurrent triangulation approach. The interview results

This study draws on the activity theory to explore how bilingual first-year secondary school students appropriate resources strategically in response to linguistic challenges in learning science through English in Hong Kong. The study explored 12 bilingual students' self-regulated strategy use by conducting in-depth interviews, stimulated recalls, observation and analysis of learning materials. Through analyzing these data, we examined how and why they appropriated and used resources strategically for self-regulated learning. The analysis revealed that the participants had used various artefacts (e.g. dictionary) and rules (e.g. evaluation criteria) to negotiate their respective roles (e.g. subject content learners and language learners) in situated communities of learning that consist of subject teachers, classmates, family members, private tutors and friends. Similarities and differences were found between the high achievers and the underachievers with regard to the use of resource-mediated strategies and the underlying reasons. The results inform the development of pedagogical schemes to enhance bilingual students' self-regulated strategic learning of academic subjects through English. Copyright ©Routledge.

With the aim to provide proper educational support for socially and economically deprived students, the present study examined a homework tutoring programme that focused on self-regulated learning (SRL) and implemented at an afterschool setting in Hong Kong. The programme was designed according to Zimmerman's SRL model, integrated explicit and implicit instruction, and took a social psychologist perspective. The findings from multiple sources of data showed that the overall effect of the programme was observed as small to moderate yet the tutees' positive changes in the use of four SRL strategies were reported: managing time, monitoring the use of cognitive strategies in doing homework, maintaining motivation and handling distraction, and arranging the sequence of assignments. The present study confirms the role of SRL-based homework tutoring in the promotion of deprived pupils' SRL capacity. This result may encourage more research efforts in the future to explore proper educational support for deprived students at after-school settings, with an ultimate aim to reduce the gap of inequality in education. Copyright © 2020 ASPE.

This study examined the relationship between teachers’ beliefs regarding self-regulated learning (SRL), together with key demographic variables, including gender, school sector and teaching experience, and their SRL instruction. A survey investigating teachers’ beliefs and instructional practices regarding SRL was administered to 873 Hong Kong teachers teaching in primary (N = 429) and secondary schools (N = 444). The instruments were examined from a Rasch measurement perspective and the results demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the instruments for use with the current sample. The Rasch-calibrated person measures were subsequently subject to hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results showed that teachers’ beliefs about the benefits of SRL and student capacity in implementing SRL were positive and significant predictors of SRL instructional practices. Gender was also a significant predictor of SRL instructional practices, with female teachers demonstrating higher levels of SRL instructional practices. The implications of the findings for teaching practice and teacher education are discussed.
[Copyright © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.]

A school-based planning for technology enhanced learning (TEL) in both the traditional school curriculum and the development of the Twenty-first Century Knowledge is considered crucial for school education in Hong Kong. This study aimed to analyze the status quo and provide recommendations on the planning for TEL. Focus group discussion and case study were conducted to collect views of school practitioners on the need and areas of school-based planning for TEL. Results of the study showed that schools in Hong Kong recognized the importance of the Twenty-first Century Knowledge in school education, and asserted the adoption of TEL for delivering traditional curriculum and fostering the Twenty-first Century Knowledge. In this regard, three recommendations in response to the roles of IT on enhancing school education in the twenty-first century are made. They are the use of information technology for fostering independent inquiry learning, the promotion of self-regulated learning involving the use of digital resources, and the use of digital student learning records for encouraging assessment for learning.