In two studies, we investigated how Hong Kong university students reacted to descriptions of China as multicultural vs. assimilatory, examining effects on emotions, prejudice toward Mainland Chinese, attitudes toward Hong Kong/China culture mixing, and cultural identities. Study 1 compared a multicultural priming condition to a control condition and found that the multiculturalism prime significantly reduced desire to socially distance from Mainland Chinese. Study 2 compared multiculturalism, assimilation, or control primes’ effects, and found that the multiculturalism prime, through increased positive emotions, indirectly reduced social distancing from Mainland Chinese and disgust toward culture mixing, and increased Chinese ethnic identity and multicultural identity styles; the assimilation prime had the opposite indirect effects through increasing negative emotions. Results show new evidence of the importance of emotion in how non-immigrant regional groups, who are both minority and majority culture members, react to different diversity models. Multicultural frames increased positive emotions, with downstream positive effects on both intergroup attitudes and integrated identities. Copyright © 2021 Ye and Buchtel.

Research Findings: This cross-sectional study examined the class- and child-level associations of social-emotional competence with behavioral and academic adjustment among Chinese kindergarten children and tested teacher collectivistic socialization goals as a moderator. Participants were 523 kindergarten children and their mothers and class teachers from Hong Kong, China. The mean age of children was 4.37 years (SD = 0.60), and 53% of them were boys. Using paper-and-pencil questionnaires, class teachers rated children’s social-emotional competence and their own socialization goals, and mothers rated children’s externalizing behaviors and school readiness and provided demographic information. Also, in structured interviews, children completed a Chinese word reading test. Multilevel models indicated that, controlling for child gender and age, mother age and education, and teacher experience of teaching, the class average of child social-emotional competence – which indicated the overall social-emotional climate of the classroom – was linked negatively to child externalizing behaviors and positively to child school readiness and Chinese word reading ability. Moreover, children who scored higher on social-emotional competence – compared to their own class average (i.e., their everyday companions) – scored lower on externalizing behaviors and higher on school readiness. There was no evidence of the moderating role of teacher socialization goals, however. Practice or Policy: Findings pointed to the utility of using class-wide initiatives to promote the overall classroom climate and using child-specific activities to promote individual social-emotional development. Copyright © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Research Findings: This study investigated the relationship between the use of digital devices (DD) by preschool children in Hong Kong and their early development. The moderating role of family socioeconomic status (SES) was also examined. A total of 877 Chinese Hong Kong children aged 3–5 years old from 18 kindergartens and their parents participated in this study. The parents reported their children's DD use, including whether they used DD, the daily time spent using DD, what they used DD for, and the situations in which they used DD. The Hong Kong Early Child Development Scales and Movement Assessment Battery for Children were used to understand these children's development in various domains. The results showed that 74.54% of the children had experience using DD. Use of DD and time spent using DD were found to negatively predict children's performance on General Knowledge, Fine Motor Skills, and Gross Motor Skills. Watching cartoons was found to negatively predict children's performance on Early Academic Achievement, General Knowledge, and Fine Motor Skills. Children's DD use before bedtime or on request also had a negative relationship with their performance on Fine Motor Skills. Moreover, SES had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between children's use of DD before bed and their performance on General Knowledge. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that parents reduce the time and frequency of their children's DD use, monitor their DD activities, and prevent them from using DD before bedtime. Copyright © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

The association between physical activity in achieving mental health benefits and subjective well-being is consistently identified by empirical research. The causation of a positive self-concept created by physical exercise is empirically supported by Sonstroem and Morgan’s (1988) exercise and self-esteem model (EXSEM). However, various drawbacks of maintaining high self-esteem have been identified; thus, the concept of self-compassion was conjectured to be a form of “true self-esteem.” Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion by examining the exercise and self-esteem model revised with self-compassion (EXSEM-SC). This study recruited secondary school students from Hong Kong using convenience sampling. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, including path analysis and multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, were used to reveal the results of the study. The results (n = 1097) indicated that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs. The SEM also demonstrated the direct paths from physical activity to self-compassion and mental well-being, indicating the significant effect of physical activity on self-compassion. Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The purpose of this study is to investigate into the possibility of utilizing socio-scientific issues as a vehicle to promote students’ metacognitive regulation, self-efficacy and conceptual understanding in an ecology classroom in Hong Kong. There has been little research to assess how these constructs are influenced by an issue-based inquiry classroom environment set in ecological context, and how these constructs interact with each other. The researcher has designed a metacognitive-rich environment for learning through a socio-scientific issue in a high school ecology classroom. Students’ perceptions about the metacognitive orientation of the classroom environment were assessed by the Metacognitive Orientation Learning Environment Scale (Science) to provide evidence for the validity of the lesson design in creating a metacognitive-rich environment. The effect of embedding explicit metacognitive tasks into a socio-scientific issue on students’ self-efficacy and metacognition were assessed through a quasi-experimental study using the Motivation Strategy for Learning Questionnaire and post-lesson individual interviews. 54 students from a Hong Kong long-established boy school participated in this study. The changes of the dependent variables under study were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and a 2x2 mixed-design analysis of variance to indicate the effect of this specially designed intervention in the biology classroom. The quantitative results suggested the intervention has created significant positive effects on students’ metacognitive regulation and self-efficacy but not conceptual understanding. Results from the multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlations suggest that the three dependent variables under study are correlated. To assist in the interpretation of the quantitative findings, individual interviews with students in the intervention group were analyzed thoroughly based on the concurrent triangulation approach. The interview results

大自然是幼兒早期成長階段的重要學習環境。幼兒樂於在充滿趣味的大自然環境中探索和主動學習。而目前，在城市中生活的幼兒越來越缺乏和大自然接觸的機會，讓幼兒與大自然建立聯繫成為香港幼兒教育課程中的一個新的發展取向。本講座將分享香港幼師專業發展中加入大自然教育的歷程，包括幼師培訓課程及校本培訓的策略。此外，講者將分享幼兒在室内和室外融入大自然學習的經歷，探索透過多元模式的學習幫助幼兒主動探索社區周圍的大自然元素。The nature is an important learning environment for early years development. Young children are happy to explore and learn proactively in the interesting natural world, but those living in cities are losing touch with the nature. In the local context, the ECE curriculum is heading in a new direction to engage children with the nature. This seminar will present the trajectory of integrating nature education into local ECE teacher development, including strategies for ECE teacher education programmes and schoolbased teacher preparation. Furthermore, the seminar will also share the experience of immersing children in nature-based learning both indoor and outdoor, and investigate the use of multimodal learning to support young children in exploring the nature elements in the community proactively. Copyright © 2020 幼教研討會.

The present research was designed to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the MLQ using a construct validation approach in 1,089 Hong Kong secondary school students. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the structural validity of MLQ. Correlational analyses were done to assess how meaning in life dimensions relate to life satisfaction, self-reported duration of daily sleep, and connectedness to social agents. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the modified two-factor model of meaning in life with presence of meaning and search for meaning as key dimensions, was valid and reliable in the current sample. Evidence for configural, metric, and scalar invariance was found across boys and girls. Meaning in life dimensions was differentially associated with connectedness to various social agents, life satisfaction, and average daily sleep. MLQ is a psychometrically valid tool to measure meaning in life among Hong Kong Chinese students. Copyright © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

While existing research has well-recognized educational plan as an important predictor of students’ educational achievement, the alignment of educational plan and achievement should not be taken for granted. As plan-achievement misalignment is liable to negative psychological and social consequences, this study aims to examine the extent to which parents vis-à-vis teachers could guide students into plan-achievement alignment. Specifically, this study is set within two comparable cases of Taiwan and Hong Kong to explore whether the relative importance of parents’ and teachers’ guidance would differ according to the institutional contexts of education systems. Methodologically, society-specific (multinomial) logistic regression analyses are conducted based on the data of the Taiwan Education Panel Survey and the Hong Kong Survey on High School Students’ Aspirations for Higher Education and Employment. In Taiwan, we find students not only received more guidance from parents, but parents’ guidance was also more effective in helping them reach plan-achievement alignment. By contrast, teachers are found to have played a key role in these regards in Hong Kong. The findings provide support to our propositions that the relative importance of parents’ and teachers’ guidance may vary by the opportunity structures of post-secondary education and the level of school-based parental involvement. Copyright © 2021 National Institute of Education, Singapore.