This mixed-methods study investigates whether and to what extent positive psychology constructs (classroom enjoyment, grit, and growth mindset) and Extramural English predict primary school students’ willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) both in the classroom (a fictitious but common setting for English communication among English as an Foreign Language [EFL] students) and outside the classroom (a natural and increasingly prevalent environment for EFL communication). We collect and analyze survey data from 160 EFL primary school students in Hong Kong (ages 6–13 years old). Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that L2 WTC in the classroom is predicted by classroom enjoyment, grit, and Extramural English. A slightly different picture emerges outside of the classroom, with grit, growth mindset, and Extramural English predicting L2 WTC. Semi-structured interviews (N = 8) confirm and elaborate on the quantitative findings. Our findings suggest that through grit- and Extramural English-integrated intervention programmes, EFL teachers can improve young learners’ L2 WTC both inside and outside the classroom. Furthermore, teachers can improve young learners’ L2 WTC in the classroom by creating a positive learning environment, while also improving their L2 WTC outside of the classroom by cultivating their growth mindset system. Copyright © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

香港於2001年提出新的中小學課程架構，由「學習領域」、「共通能力」、「價值觀和態度」三部分組成，強調其間的融貫性與連結性，透過各學習領域發展跨域的共通能力，最終以正確的價值觀和良好的態度，達成全人發展的教育目的。「說話」是香港中國語文科學習範疇之一，本文探討《學習領域課程指引》及《建議學習重點》，可知說話能力、共通能力、價值觀和態度三者有其關連和統整性，課程內容具有素養精神。「說話」同時也是「全港性系統評估」的中文考科之一，考評項目有「看圖說故事」、「口頭報告」、「小組交談」或「小組討論」，並以素養為導向訂有清楚的審查準則。自小學一年級開始，教師循序漸進訓練學生的說話能力，具有明確的步驟與目標。整體而言，香港說話教學的內容與方法，已發展出完整的實施架構，可以做為臺灣推動素養導向說話教學的參考。Copyright ©2021 中華民國課程與教學學會.

Cantonese Jyutping romanization is indispensable for effective teaching of Chinese as a second language in Hong Kong, a predominantly Cantonese-speaking city. Jyutping functions both as an auxiliary system that allows non-Chinese-speaking (NCS) students to read and write Cantonese words without knowing the characters, and a convenient way to input Chinese characters on digital devices. This chapter outlines the course structure of a 13-week intervention program that aims at teaching Jyutping typing to NCS students in Hong Kong. The intervention program was run three times, and the design was modified after each test-run to work around different pedagogical and linguistic issues. After the first intervention, hands-on typing sessions were added to every meeting, and the teaching order of Jyutping elements and teaching plans were also adjusted. These changes improved the overall effectiveness of the intervention. Two error analyses from post-tests of the second and third interventions show that the onsets z- and c- are the most problematic elements to NCS students. Our experience demonstrates how Jyutping can be integrated successfully into the broader Chinese curriculum. Copyright © 2019 selection and editorial matter, John C. Wakefield; individual chapters, the contributors.

口語是人們日常學習及溝通，以至交流情感的工具。《幼稚園教育課程指引》(2017，頁 28) 指出，香港人口大都以中文（口語主要是粵語）為溝通媒介，學校應該「先讓幼兒多發展中文方面的能力」，並「為幼兒提供生活化和富趣昧的聽、説經驗」，從而「豐富讀、寫的經驗。」其實，不少幼兒教育理論也認同「感官學習」對幼兒的重要性。本研究以行動研究方式，以29位介乎5-6歲「高班」幼兒為研究對象，嘗試透過「多感官學習法」改善幼兒的粵語發音。研究結果發現100%受試幼兒能透過「多感官學習法」改善粵語發音，也提高了説粵語的信心，顯示「多感官學習法」引導學前幼兒掌握粵語發音的可行性。同時，家長問卷也顯示「多感官學習法」得到家長的認同。 Copyright © 2019 香港教師中心.

以粵語為中文教學媒介語在香港由來已久，如何能指導學生兼顧口語與書面語的表達要求──能以粵語口語有效表達，同時又能避免現代漢語書面語受粵語方言干擾，對教授香港非華語學生中文的教師而言，是艱鉅的考驗。根據一次支援“多元文化教學助理先修課程”的教學實踐，本文發現善用粵語拼音，編製特色的粵語文本，不但方便中文二語學生溫習，而且減少因同時學習粵語口語與中文書面語而造成的困擾，能促進學習中文的效能。Cantonese has been the medium of instruction in Chinese language teaching in Hong Kong for decades. Given the discrepancies between the spoken Cantonese dialect and the written form of Modern Standard Chinese, how to develop students’ spoken and written language proficiencies in Chinese in tandem is a huge challenge for Hong Kong teachers, especially those who teach Chinese as a second language. Based on an attempt in teaching a Chinese enhancement course for a “Multicultural Teaching Assistant Programme”, this paper reports how the romanization of Cantonese was used to bridge the gap and concludes that the incorporation of Cantonese romanization in compiling teaching materials not only facilitates students’ self-study, but also minimizes the confusion caused by learning the spoken language and the written language at the same time, enhancing the effectiveness of Chinese language learning. Copyright © 2019 香港中文大學中國文化硏究所吳多泰中國語文硏究中心.

The study examined current practices in Classical Chinese (CC) reading instruction in Hong Kong and the relationship between different instructional practices and students' strategy use and motivation in CC reading. A total of 519 secondary students voluntarily responded to a questionnaire that measured their perception of CC reading instruction, strategy use, and motivation. The findings indicate while teachers frequently teach both the language and content aspects of CC reading, the teacher-centered approach they are now adopting is ineffective in facilitating students' CC reading development. Relations between different instructional approaches and students' strategy use and motivation in CC reading are discussed.

Young Chinese children acquire a substantial amount of Chinese characters during their early years. Because Character recognition is foundational to higher level Chinese reading (e.g., text comprehension, it is crucial to identify factors associated with early acquisition of Chinese characters. Chinese is a morpho-syllabic language in which each character corresponds to one morpheme and one syllable. Morphemes can be combined further in specific ways to make up words. In the kindergarten period from ages 3 to 6, Chinese children progress gradually from learning some single-character words to the vast majority of double-character words. In Hong Kong, traditional kindergartens typically start to teach children to read Chinese characters in the second semester of their first kindergarten year, when they are approximately 3.5 years old. Most Hong Kong children learn Chinese in the form of traditional script with Cantonese, which is their native language, as the medium of instruction through a teaching approach of “look and say.” Language impairment often places children at risk for reading difficulties, suggesting that meta-linguistic skills may contribute to the development of Chinese character recognition. Chinese characters contain rich visual-spatial features and relations (e.g., more than 2,000 different graphic patterns to be learned by novice readers). Consequently, some researchers have suggested that visual-spatial skills may support children’s learning of Chinese characters, especially in beginning readers. The present study aims to examine the contributions of meta-linguistic and visualspatial skills to Chinese character recognition in young Chinese children. A longitudinal sample of 106 Hong Kong Chinese children were tested a total of five times from their first to third kindergarten years. Chinese character recognition, meta-linguistic skills (phonological awareness and visual-orthographic awareness), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and visual-spatial