Teachers shape secondary students' career development for social mobility with equal opportunities in a cohesive society. Concomitantly, young people have recently marched against socio-political challenges to the development of civil societies in different locations. A cross-case study of career education in different schools of a Chinese society was conducted to explore a paradoxical dilemma between teachers' inclusive development of the education for every student and the missing social inclusion of the society in an adverse socio-political situation. Students should be prepared for the sense of social inclusion. Implications of the dilemma for cultivating a cohesive civil society are also discussed. Copyright © 2022 Pergamon-Elsevier Science.

Past studies identified isolated factors influencing teachers' formative assessment practices (FAP) but did not show a comprehensive model of it. Hence, this study systematically creates and tests a theoretical model of FAP by determining whether personal or contextual factors are linked to teachers' FAP. We collected longitudinal data from 296 Hong Kong primary and secondary teachers through two waves of the survey. The results of a multivariate outcome, multilevel analysis showed that personal (teacher rank, years of teaching experience, and self-efficacy) and contextual factors (school support, total number of teachers in a school, and teaching grade) significantly impact teachers’ FAP. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The inclusion of all learners in mainstream classrooms is an objective for schools internationally. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the newly developed Inclusive Practices Scale (IPS) to determine if the intention to use inclusive practices could be predicted from participants' atti-tudes and efficacy scores. Participants included 390 pre-service educators from four countries (Australia, India, Canada, and Hong Kong). Results suggest that the IPS is both a reliable and valid instrument, with teaching efficacy the strongest predictor of inclusive practice intentions. The IPS could be a meaningful tool in determining pre-service and in-service educators' intentions to use inclusive practices. Crown Copyright © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Co-teaching provides opportunities for children that cannot be produced by a solo teacher. However, building relationships between co-teachers, particularly in a cross-cultural setting, can be difficult. This study of early years teachers in a Hong Kong international school aims to consider the elements that facilitate a strong and productive co-teaching relationship and challenges that teaching teams encounter. The study utilizes qualitative interviews of 26 teachers to capture teachers’ perceptions of co-teaching. Findings suggest, that while teachers valued their relationships, the building and maintenance of a productive co-teaching relationship takes work, flexibility, and an openness to the perspectives of one’s partner. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier.

This study investigated the pedagogical interactions between teachers and young children in six sampled Chinese kindergarten classrooms. Altogether 4320 turns of dialogue were coded from 27 videotaped pedagogical activities, and the 12 class teachers were surveyed and interviewed. The results revealed a unique Chinese pedagogical interaction that is a fusion of participatory and transmissive pedagogies: teachers directed the interactions with open-ended questions and whole-class dialogues, whereas children responded with short answers based on the learning content. This was reported by the teachers to be associated with the joint influence of related child, teacher, and cultural factors.
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This study examined the relationships between teachers' perceptions of faculty trust, professional learning communities, and their professional learning among a sample of 2106 Hong Kong kindergarten teachers. It analysed the differences between the effects of faculty trust in various stakeholders (i.e., colleagues, parents, and the principal). The results show that while trust in colleagues exerted a positive effect on teacher professional learning, the direct effects of trust in the principal and trust in parents were non-significant. Meanwhile, professional learning communities positively mediated the effects of teachers’ perceived faculty trust on their learning. Implications for teacher learning in kindergartens are presented. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The present study examined how a group of Hong Kong in-service teachers improved their knowledge of how to promote self-regulated learning (SRL) in students when they participated in a teacher professional development program, which was designed according to the principles of Communities of Practice (CoP). A case study method design was employed and multiple sources of data were collected to investigate the teacher participants' improvement in the knowledge of SRL-based instruction. Findings showed that, over the period of six months, most teachers changed their knowledge of SRL-based instruction from providing students with full autonomy in self-studying a topic to strengthening teachers' role in creating a high-SRL classroom environment. Apart from the CoP experience, evidence of students' involvement in learning was also important to change the teachers' understanding of SRL-based instruction. Discussion and suggestions are provided at the end. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This paper reports on an investigation into two pre-service teachers' reflective learning through a series of integrated and interactive tasks (i.e., collaborative lesson planning, group consultation, microteaching and videoed reflections) in a teacher education course in Hong Kong. Relying on data gathered from interviews and reflection videos and informed by a tripartite model on teacher identity in practice, discourse and activity, the study revealed how the pre-service teachers engaged in reflective practice and identity construction in the course. The paper concludes with practical implications on how to design and implement effective reflective tasks in preparing and developing competent language teachers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A hierarchy of inclusive teaching tasks by associated level of teacher efficacy is derived from a group of primary and secondary school teachers in Hong Kong using a Rasch rating scale model on 536 in-service teachers attending a professional development course. Findings show collaboration tasks represented the highest teacher efficacy in primary and secondary teachers. Managing behavior represented the lowest level of teacher efficacy but slightly more in primary than in secondary school. Hence, future training regarding inclusive practices should be specific to the school level, with a strong focus on collaborations between school, parents, and the community. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This paper aims to contribute to the theorisation of effective teacher development (TD) provision in a reform context. Based on a literature review, the paper identifies key reform features, i.e., ambiguity and conflict generation, that shape teachers' engagement with pedagogic reforms and suggests a framework for designing TD programmes that address reform-specific needs. It then explores the utility of this heuristic framework through an in-depth case study of implementation of, and perceptions about, eight reforms in two schools in Hong Kong. The case study confirmed that customising the TD provision to perceived reform characteristics could contribute to teachers' positive perceptions of and experience with reforms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.