近年本港出現多所由教育統籌局倡議成立的特殊學校暨資源中心，期望能為就讀於主流學校的具特殊教育需要學童及其教師提供支援，解決他們在學與教上面對的困難。這些特殊學校暨資源中心除提供一般的特殊教育服務外，承擔了融合教育的先導角色。就此，政府理應清晰地保證其適切的資源投入；在營運過程中，鼓勵及輔導這些機構因應實際需求，提供多元化的支援服務；而對其產出亦要有一定的問責機制，監察資源的投放是否能符合成本效益原則。這項措施實為本地特殊教育發展的一個重要里程，其成敗關係著融合教育的推展是否暢順，相信這是業界的共識。 本文作者從教育政策的制定、學校組織變改革兩個視點嘗試初步分析這項措施，指出多項在應然及實然層面間可能存在的問題，並提出知識型經濟社會下特殊學校暨資源中心的存在意義及可能模式。期望能引起業界關注及討論。 With the recent development on the pilot project to develop special schools into resource centers by the Education and Manpower Bureau for supporting students with special educational needs being integrated into the mainstream schools, a number of special schools are acting as pioneers for developing integrated education in Hong Kong. The Government should therefore take an active role for providing resources as well as monitoring the impact of the pilot project as the project will become one of the key milestones in the development of special education services as well as integrated education in Hong Kong. The article attempted to discuss the important issues involved in developing special schools into resource centers and the possible strategies for promoting such development.
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香港的教育及課程改革要求學校進行各層面的變化去配合社會需要，主流及特殊學校都積極在主流的基礎課程上進行學校本位課程發展的工作，校本課程發展無可避免為學校執行「個別化教育計劃」帶來了有系統的改變；學校亦要進行有步驟的教師培訓去提升教師的專業能力及賦權教師推動校本課程及對特殊教育需要的支援。本文描述兩間收取中度智障學生的特殊學校，如何按部就班地重整課程及發展學習階段性課程為本的基線評估去匡監察學生進度。其中並討論所涉及以行動取向研究歷程的各種改變元素，從而確立了一整個實施課程及「個別化教育計劃」的行政體系，使未來的檢視及發展工作有一個清晰的流程及行政管理系統去跟進，是值得持續推動及推廣的一個特殊學校發展系統，並提出對校本及中央課程發展政策的一些反思及啟示。 With the urge for school changes to meet the new societal demands by both the education and curriculum reform in Hong Kong, both mainstream and special schools are active in adopting the mainstream curriculum as the basis for their school-based development. School-based curriculum development will inevitably call for systemic changes on the implementation of the Individualised Education Program (IEP) of the students with special educational needs within these schools. Coupled with these changes will be the need for stepwise professional development to empower teachers with the professional competence to implement both the school-based curriculum and support measures for special needs. The paper provides an account of the process through which two special schools for moderately mentally handicapped children restructured their school curriculun and developed key stage wise and curriculum-based baseline assessment procedures for monitoring the progress of learning of their students. The various elements being involved with the school-based curriculum development process using action-oriented research as the guiding approach for its development were discussed. The project generated a clear flow process for implementing IEP and a comprehensive administrative system for further follow up and evaluation of the curriculum development process. Implications for further development work on school-based curriculum and the policy for central curriculum framework to support special needs were discussed.
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本研究嘗試探討嚴重智障兼多重弱能兒童是否具備高階思維的共通能力︰創造力、批判性思考能力、解決問題能力。透過文獻探究擬定評估準則，並利用互動故事作為教學策略，進行施教、觀察和評估，以得出結果。研究結果顯示，嚴重智障兼多重弱能兒童一樣具備不同程度的高階思維能力。只要因應學生的學習特性和需要，給予適當的引導和啟發，一樣可以提升這些方面的能力。當然，他們必須經過不斷的練習，及教師採取多元化的課程設計、教學策略和活動來引導學生，才能提升和鞏固其高階思維的能力。 The study examined whether students with severe mental handicap and multiple disabilities had higher order thinking skills: creativity, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills. The students were taught using the strategy of interactive story and the assessment criteria of the three higher order thinking skills were develop through reviewing related studies in the literature, Students' performance in the three higher order thinking skills were observed and rated based on the developed assessement criteria. The results indicated that students with severe mental handicap and multiple disabilities exhibit different degree of higher order thinking skills during the lessons. In teachers could provide appropriate guidance and stimulation based on the characteristics and needs of these students, higher order thinking skills could be developed though repeated practice would be necessary to reinforce the skills.
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香港自二零一二年起實施三三四新高中課程政策。然而,政府、政策研究者、學者等仍未對有特殊學習需要(SEN)高中生的學習情況,以及其畢業後的出路安排有足夠關注。本研究以小組訪談形式,收集了SEN高中生的家長對其SEN子女高中後轉銜的看法,包括對子女畢業出路的展望與態度、對現有政府支援體系的瞭解與評價,以及對於SEN學生高中後轉銜與支援服務的建議。小組訪談數據顯示,SEN學生家長均表示孩子高中後最理想出路是繼續升學,沒有升學機會時,才選擇工作。同時,他們主要擔心子女成績遜色,而在現今無論是升學或就業都講求高成績的社會中,其子女未能保持競爭力。另外,他們對於學校、政府和非政府機構等所提供的支援知之甚少,並且對社會支援,尤其是來自政府的支援非常不滿。此外,家長一致認為學校應負責SEN學生高中後的轉銜,並希望學校、政府或非政府機構所提供的資源能更多地考慮到SEN學生的個別特殊需要。最後,文末深入分析是次研究的重要性、局限及意義。 Since 2012, Hong Kong has implemented the New Senior Secondary (NSS) academic structure and curriculum. However, Hong Kong Government, policy makers and researchers have paid little attention to the educational situation and the career paths of the students with special educational needs (SEN) under the new curriculum. Thus, the current study was carried out, aiming to investigate parents’ opinions on their children’s post-secondary school transition. According to the results of focus group interviews, almost all parents of SEN students revealed that the most preferable career pathway was further study after their children graduated from senior secondary schools. Only when no study opportunities available would they consider job applications for their SEN children after they graduated. However, it should also be noted that a major concern of parents of SEN students was their children’s unsatisfactory academic achievement which could weaken their competitiveness, no matter whether they choose to work or further study as their post-school outcomes. In addition, the results indicated that these parents had little knowledge of current support services provided by schools, NGOs, and Hong Kong Government. Concerning current support services, they were particularly dissatisfied with those from the government. Noteworthy, parents all agreed that schools should be responsible for the post-school transition of SEN students. They also hope that schools, NGOs, and the government could take SEN students’ special needs into full consideration when these important stakeholders

明愛特殊教育服務於2005年成立「個別化教育計劃」聯校工作小組,旨在探討服務轄下六所特殊學校執行「個別化教育計劃」的實況,從而確立執行「個別化教育計劃」的基本原則。工作小組經歷近兩年的培訓、研習及互訪討論,並探討台灣方面的實踐現況。經多番討論後取得結論,認為香港的特殊教育服務在「個別化教育計劃」的整體定義及執行上仍未有一致的共識;然而,六所特殊學校實踐中卻確定了執行「個別化教育計劃」的十二項基本原則,包括:學生為本、課程為本、基線評估、學習目標選取、個案管理、團隊協作、課堂教學、進度匯報、學生學習歷程檔案、家長參與、檢討及跟進、轉銜處理及教師專業發展,值得工作小組作出深入探討,並將討論內容撮成摘要,以供明愛特殊教育服務同工參考。Caritas Special Education Service formed a Joint Working Group in 2005 to explore the practices of its 6 special schools in delivering Individualised Education Programmes (IEP) and to establish the basic elements in executing IEP. After almost 2 years of in-depth deliberation including staff training, professional consultation, inter-school visits and study of IEP implementation in Taiwan, the Joint Working Group came to a conclusion that there were great variations on the interpretation of the definitions and practices on IEP implementation in Hong Kong. The Joint Working Group isolated 12 basic common elements in executing IEP. They are student-centered approach, curriculum-based approach, baseline assessment, learning targets selection, case management, intra-disciplinary collaboration, classroom teaching, progress report, student portfolio, parental participation, evaluation and follow-up, transitional preparation and teacher professional development. The discussions of the Joint Working Group were summarized and documented for reference by colleagues under Caritas Special Education Service.
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本文首先就我國特殊教育課程發展的背景，闡明了引進香港保良局余李慕芬紀念學校製作的語文教育套件的重要意義。文章介紹一份香港-內地合作，獲內地25所學校參與及以語言發展為特色的普通話語文教育套件的理論研究、教材開發和教學實驗研究。該研究根據兒童語言發展規律和弱智兒童語言特點，採用課程本位評估技術，通過教學活動設計及主題教學，建立一套課程與教學資源系統。其目的在於開發普通話版本的語文教育校本課程，使參與課程開發和教學實驗學校的700餘名弱智兒童得到有效的教育，同時，亦藉此培養一批具有校本課程開發能力、掌握語言發展評估和言語訓練技能的特殊教育師資隊伍。
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融合教育的推行，靜靜地改變香港學校教育的生態。融合教育是西方發達國家的教育產物，通過國際組織的策動而擴散。它是一個建基於人權和平等觀念，強調尊重差異的教育發展方案，但也是一種知易行難的辦學手段。本文試圖理順融合教育的基本觀念，認識它的運作元素和討論它的實踐問題。藉着回顧一些國際和本地的研究發現和發展經驗，作者還希望為融合教育的持續發展提供意見。在天賦的「異」中求人為的「同」，是融合教育需要不斷面對的挑戰。
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