我國香港地區和大陸有著相同的文化底蘊,在數學教育理念方面有很多相似之處。21世紀以來,香港在借鑒國外教育經驗和本地教育實際的情況基礎上進行了多次課程改革。在最新公布的TIMSS排名中,香港的學生在數學上取得了不錯的成績。函數是高中數學課程中重點內容,函數思想貫穿著整個高中數學的學習。三角函數是高中數學初等函數中的一個重要部分,學習三角函數可以加深學生對函數內容的進一步理解,同時也可以培養學生的邏輯思維能力和數學建模的思想,提高運用所學知識解決實際問題的能力。本文將運用課程難度模型對大陸普通高中人教A版教材與香港高中數學牛津版教材的三角函數部分的課程難度進行比較研究。研究的主要內容和結果:1.運用史寧中教授的課程內容難度模型對三角函數部分的課程難度進行了比較研究,得出:在課程時間上,人教A版的三角函數課程學習時間是32課時,牛津版的三角函數課程時間是25課時;在課程廣度上,人教A版的三角函數課程廣度比牛津版的三角函數課程廣度要更大;在課程深度上,人教A版的三角函數課程深度稍大於牛津版的三角函數課程深度。2.運用了鮑建生教授建立的數學題綜合難度模型對人教A版和牛津版教材三角函數部分的習題進行了比較研究,從探究、背景、運算、推理和知識含量五個因素上對習題進行了分析。人教A版教材在“探究”“背景”“運算”三個因素上高於牛津版教材,在“推理”“知識含量”因素上牛津版教材略高於人教A版。兩個版本的綜合難度模型的雷達圖大致的形狀基本上相似,在“運算”水平上人教A版的加權平均明顯要高於牛津版的,說明人教A版的教材習題計算量相對而言比較大;在“推理”水平上,牛津版教材相比人教A版更高,說明牛津版教材在習題設置上會更注重學生的推理過程。

2001年國家教育部在黨中央的領導下於正式啟動基礎教育課程改革,而香港自回歸之後,積極響應大陸教育課程改革的浪潮,不斷地努力與中國大陸靠攏,但是在歷史課程的規劃上還是與大陸有著很大的區別。中國歷史作為基礎教育改革中的重點課程,香港和大陸都進行了重點的研究規劃,尤其是在歷史教科書的編寫問題上,成為歷史教育研究學者的熱點問題,而香港歷史教科書的體例一直是研究的重點,歷史圖表的輔助研究卻常常被忽視。所以,筆者認為獨立系統的研究香港歷史教科書中的歷史圖表是有必要的,筆者選取2014年版由現代教育研究社出版的《高中中國歷史》甲部課程中的圖表為例,從數據統計分析著手,從微觀角度分析課前導讀、課內闡釋、課後總結三個方面分析歷史圖表的特點,隨後根據圖表的特點從宏觀角度分析出甲部課程中的圖表的亮點與值得商榷之處,最後選取內陸的人教版高中歷史教科書中的圖表進行系統的比較,通過比較對內陸教科書中的歷史圖表編寫提供借鑒。筆者認為通過對甲部課程中的圖表研究有助於完善歷史教育研究的領域;另外,通過對香港歷史教科書中的歷史圖表研究,總結經驗,得到啟發,為內地歷史教科書中的歷史圖表的編寫提供建議。

Service-Learning has become a prominent term in Higher Education settings.Because of its nature,other similar key terms;for instance,Community learning,Internship,Practicum,and Volunteer work are often used in comparison.Nonetheless,they could be differentiated based on their ultimate goals.All the above works are done in communities,for,and with communities but Service-learning has two dimensions which are to Serve and to Learn.In certain circumstances,learning might not occur while serving;hence,reflection activities should take place in order to bridge community service to content-learning(Bringle,Phillips,& Hudson,2004).Service-learning is defined as as an educational approach that allow students to apply their knowledge from classroom when participating in community activities(Bringle,Reeb,Brown,& Ruiz,2016).Not only an approach,it could be also an undergraduate course,a program,or a project depending on each university.Sometimes it is taking place as a partnership work between two universities locally or other times as an international collaboration.This qualitative research study with 14 participants seeks to investigate a Servicelearning partnership project between a university in Cambodia,Royal University of Phnom Penh(RUPP)and Hong Kong Polytechnic University(PolyU).RUPP students and their facilitators were interviewed after they returned from Service-learning project trip entitled “Healthy Lifestyle Challenges in Developing Communities”.The objectives of the study were to examine how Service-learning was integrated to the curriculum of RUPP,what challenges,experiences,and success that students and facilitators faced during the project implementation.The findings indicated that Service-learning has not been officially integrated to the curriculum of RUPP yet.It was only introduced as part of a summer project which RUPP students could apply for volunteer to work in partners with PolyU students in order to assist them accomplishing their Service-learning course

學習語文知識、形成語文能力是語文教育的重要內容,而教科書是教育的重要媒介。助讀系統是語文教科書的重要組成部分,對學生學習知識和提高能力發揮著重要的作用。基於此,本文選取了香港特區的文思版初中階段語文教科書的助讀系統作為研究對象。本文首先明確助讀系統的概念,在此基礎上研究香港文思版初中語文教科書中助讀系統主要包括哪幾個方面。然後進行了比較研究,將這一版本的語文教科書助讀系統與大陸使用比較廣泛的三套語文教科書的助讀系統進行對比,從而總結香港特區與大陸地區的語文教科書當中助讀系統的異同。比較的目的在於說明香港文思版語文教科書的助讀系統有哪些優勢,可以為大陸語文教科書的助讀系統提供一定的參考,同時也有一些不足之處,應該加以改進。研究發現,在文思版的語文教科書當中,助讀系統主要包括三個類別:提示語類、注釋類和資料類。當中的提示語類別主要有編者語、單元的提示語和單位課文的提示語,注釋類指的是課下注釋,資料類主要是附錄部分,位於教科書的最後。其中,附錄的內容主要是針對教科書內容以及學生的實際需要所提出的問題,在對教科書整體結構和內容進行梳理的同時又能幫助學生認識自我,加強反思,是對學生提高語文能力的間接指引。由於這一部分對學生知識的學習和能力的提高發揮著一定的指引作用,因此,筆者在研究的過程中把它也列為了助讀系統的一部分。另外,通過對比分析發現,香港文思版助讀系統的優勢在於一方面對能力的培養更加注重,另一方面助讀系統更具有針對性,目標更加明確。同時,文思版的助讀系統也存在一些不足之處,比如缺少插圖部分等。總之,筆者希望通過本文的研究,明確助讀系統的內容,總結香港特區語文教科書助讀系統的優勢,為大陸地區語文教科書的編寫提供一定的參考。同時,對助讀系統的不足之處加以改進。

Globally, the rise of entrepreneurial economies poses challenges to, but at the same time provides opportunities for, higher education. Universities around the world are becoming increasingly entrepreneurial, a development that can be stimulated through their graduates as the most robust source of innovative talents. In post-industrial economies with high graduate unemployment, entrepreneurship education has been touted as a potential solution to facilitate transitions from higher education to work. In the literature of higher education studies, a research gap exists concerning graduate entrepreneurship, despite an emerging body of research on graduate employment/ employability. Besides, notwithstanding the concept of entrepreneurship spirit has been attempted to incorporate in specific subjects under New Senior Secondary (NSS) academic structure, the outcome of entrepreneurship education under local education system, including higher education, still requires room for improvements. By examining the constructions of aspiration for graduate entrepreneurship, and exploring the decisive factors on entrepreneurship decision, this paper will contribute to critical studies in education on socioeconomic disparities and framings of youth aspiration through higher education, against the backdrop of deepening global inequalities. By purposive sampling, empirical case study will draw on in-depth interviews with a sample of 30 graduates embodying varying degrees of entrepreneurial aspiration and success from research-intensive universities in Hong Kong.Positive correlations between social class and entrepreneurial intentions are revealed in the business literature as entrepreneurship founded by working class students are restricted by limited resources and collaborative networks. Paradoxically, studies have also found that lower middle-class students often have the strongest desire for social mobility and perceive entrepreneurship as a desirable pathway. Employing the analytical

In recent years, the Hong Kong government has implemented a number of new policies to revitalize the development of vocational education and training (VET), such as the rebranding of VET into vocational and professional education and Training (VPET) to cover the new addition of programmes up to the degree level providing a wide variety of specialized vocational skills as well as professional knowledge. On the other hand, VPET is also widely promoted at the secondary school level as outlined in the latest “Learning to learn 2+” curriculum by the Curriculum Development Council (CDC) and the Education Bureau (EDB). The document suggests that the recognition of VPET as a possible articulation pathway could be gradually established through various activities. At the junior secondary (JS) level, career-related experiences in Life-wide learning (LWL) will be one of the main channels for students to gain initial understanding of the society and workplace. If interested, students can also continue their exploration through the diverse available options at the senior secondary level (SS), for instance the selection of Applied Learning (ApL) as elective subjects, participation in Career-relatedexperiences in Other Learning Experiences (OLE) and the enrollment to the newly launched Vocational English Programme (VEP).Although the suggested planning in the promotion of VPET at the JS and SS level looks ideal, there seems to be a lack of understanding regarding the actual impact and effectiveness of these mentioned policies to the development of VPET, especially at the SS level when students have to make a high-stake choice for their future. Therefore, it is the main aim of this study to provide a systematic and critical review on how different VPET-related policies function as a whole in the promotion of VPET. This discussion in this study will mainly based on qualitative data collected from individual interview and focus group with the key stakeholders (e.g. students and teachers

Many critics tended to oppose the education reforms in the last two decades in Hong Kong for its neoliberalist and managerialist origins and aim to achieve performativity, accountability and global competitiveness (e.g., Chee, 2012; Choi, 2005; Ho & Tsang, 2008). However, Ko, Cheng and Lee (2016) argued that these reforms also contributed to school autonomy, teacher professionalism, transparent school governance, flexibility in curriculum and resources management and the development of a self-evaluation culture. This paper examines the paradoxical interactions of professionalism and neoliberalism on professionalising school leadership and governance from findings in the interviews with school leaders from the middle to school-sponsoring body level. Unlike the academic critics, different actors (senior teachers, principals, school managers) were less concerned about the anti-neoliberalist issues but stronger expectations on developing their professionalism in changing times like innovative pedagogy, learner diversity, organisational learning, and crisis management. Copyright © 2019 The Education University of Hong Kong.

提問與對話是教學中最常見的形式，而在藝術評賞教育的領域更有著主導性的地位。藝術教育學者早已提出不少評賞理論和評賞教學方法，但對於教師如何與學生對話和向他們發問，卻一直缺乏一套較為完整和有系統的方法。相比其他學科，例如：語文、數學、科學，有關藝術評賞教學中對話與提問的研究相當貧乏。本文探討六個常見的藝術評賞教學理論和策略，然後提出四個藝術評賞教育的主要目的，並倡議一套與之相配及適用於教授視覺藝術的對話及提問框架。為了在應用層面進一步完善和建構本框架，七位香港小學教師及其學生受邀進行教學試驗。觀察有關教學試驗後，本文歸納出六項教學建議，以協助教育工作者應用本框架於藝術評賞教學。Questioning and dialogue are the most common way of teaching, and they are an essential element in the field of art criticism education. Previous scholarship had proposed various theories and teaching methods on art criticism education, but there is a lack of a holistic and systematic way for guiding teachers to question and have dialogue with students. The number of studies on questioning and dialogue in learning Visual Arts is limited, comparing to studies in subjects such as Languages, Mathematics, and Sciences. This paper reviews six art criticism models or methods, identifies four major goals in art criticism education, and proposes a framework of questioning and dialogue for the learning and teaching of visual art at schools and museums. Seven primary school visual arts teachers were invited to practice the framework in their own schools and art museums and finally six suggestions were concluded for teachers' implementation. Copyright © 2019 藝術教育研究期刊顧問委員會 & Ainosco Press.

This study examines the quality of Hong Kong centre-based childcare services with the aim of identifying areas for further improvement. With the use of the Chinese version of the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ITERS-R), the quality of the classrooms in nine non-profit centres located in different districts of Hong Kong was systematically assessed. The findings revealed the global quality of the childcare centres in Hong Kong and indicated the relative strengths and weaknesses of the specific areas of childcare services compared with findings from the international community. The results showed that the quality of centre-based care servicesfor infants and toddlers in Hong Kong was minimal. Compared to other countries, the health and safety practice in Hong Kong scored higher. However, the scores were especially low in space and furnishings, listening and talking, activities and programme structure. These results revealed that Hong Kong faced challenges with the quality of its centre-based care servicesin general. It was also surprising to find a negative correlation between the quality of the childcare centres and the teachers’ experience. The findings also indicated the importance of early childhood education training and continuous professional development. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.