A museum is an educational fair which facilitates individuals to explore and discover through inquiry. Museums provide participants with direct learning experience with objects and exhibits that relate to concepts and disciplinary subjects in the arts, history, science, and social science of specific time and space. Learning through museums is considered as one of the informal learning ways which is very different from formal learning in schools. This study aims to investigate Hong Kong primary school teachers’ and students’ perspectives, learning experiences and motivations in museum learning and visits. A survey study is adopted to gather the views and experiences of a sample of senior primary school students and teachers, in the local primary school context, on museum learning and visits in the past three years. Learners’ actual and preferred visits to museums as well as the types of motivations involved in visiting museums in a Chinese culture and context will be explored. The ways of interactions and various types of museum learning will also be examined, and teachers’ and students’ perspectives will also be compared. This study will provide insights into the enhancement of meaningful museum education journeys for students. Copyright © 2021 International Conference on Learning and Teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the complex, intricate relationships between the central (intended) curriculum, teachers’ perceived curriculums, and the enacted/assessed curriculum in classroom contexts. To do this, the authors have used Hong Kong’s new core senior-secondary liberal studies (LS) curriculum as a case study, with a special focus on its key pedagogical component – inquiry teaching/learning. Design/methodology/approach: This study’s objects are two teachers (from two local schools), each with a LS teacher’s education. Documentary analysis, lesson observation, and focus interviews were used to triangulate data for interpretation and analysis. Findings: The findings illuminate: how LS teachers’ perceptions of inquiry teaching/learning relate to and align with the advocacy embodied in the intended curriculum, the relationships between teachers’ perceptions and practices of inquiry learning and teaching, and how this aspect of the intended curriculum reform can be made more relevant to the classroom context. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the under-researched area of curriculum gaps and (mis)alignments in Hong Kong’s LS curriculum reform.
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This paper is the first phase of the project entitled “A Critical and Comprehensive Review of the Development of Social Education Curriculum at the Primary Level in Hong Kong”. In this phase, the contextual factors leading to the developmental changes of primary social education curriculum from 1967 to 1997 are traced and analysed so as to prepare grounds for a comparative study of the counterparts in Shanghai. The methodologies of documentary analysis and informal interviews are utilized to substantiate the induction approach that draws conclusion from various sources and data. It is hoped that this preliminary study will shed light on the phylogenetic accounts for the primary social education curriculum in Hong Kong, with particular emphasis on the external and internal forces that have interacted in shaping its changes.

How do people’s international experiences affect what is learned in school? This study examines how teachers and students in diverse school settings in Hong Kong and The United States bring their international and cross-cultural experiences into classroom learning. Through the theories of global education and intercultural development, the authors analyze how students’ and teachers’ experiences are contextualized within classroom instruction and identify ways in which the shared experiences influence learning about the subject under study. The paper also synthesizes findings within and across schools and countries with illustrations to flesh out both commonalities and differences.

To prepare children for the globalized world, General Studies, an integrated subject in the primary curriculum stresses on the provision of “learning experiences that enable them to construct knowledge and develop a global perspective, and develop life-long learning skills” (CDC, 2002, p.2). A separate strand, Global Understanding and the Information Era has been incorporated into the curriculum to strengthen the global dimension of the subject. However, the literature shows that citizenship education has long been an underdeveloped curriculum area in Hong Kong. The development of global citizenship, a core area of study in citizenship education, has also been affected by the great emphasis on the fostering of children's national identity in the post-colonial period. Being a contested concept, global citizenship causes great confusions to teachers in developing and implementing global studies in schools. To evaluate the role of General Studies and its effectiveness in enhancing global citizenship, this paper reviews the global learning elements in the General Studies curriculum in a primary school. This paper further seeks to describe the "lived curriculum" on global learning based on the results of a critical examination of selected classroom practices in the related strands of study. Building on the initial findings, this paper discusses the tensions in promoting global education through General Studies and the possible ways for further developing this integrated subject as a vehicle for enhancing global citizenship in Hong Kong primary schools.

This study documents how the social education curriculum in Hong Kong has changed since Hong Kong's return to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Employing qualitative methods of classroom observations, interviews, and documentary analysis, the researchers found changes in mandated topics in the curriculum (such as increased attention to global issues, global economic connections, Chinese identity), pedagogy (such as strategies for active learning), resources (such as materials from UNICEF) and attitudes (such as empathy for people in less developed parts of the world). The findings also include a comparison of local versus international schools, changes in teacher education courses, and teachers' perspectives on issues they face today.