This study investigated the conceptual understanding of fraction division of 72 Hong Kong pre-service teachers by asking them to pose a real life story problem. Analyses of the problems posed show that many of these pre-service teachers had incorrectly interpreted the division concept in their problems as sharing rather than measurement. A short intervention shows significant improvement in posing problems in terms of mathematical correctness as related to real life situations. This study particularly shows an increase of the correct use of the measurement concept from the pre-test to the post-test. The study also shows that problem posing could be used to measure conceptual understanding. Additional studies should be conducted to show effects of different teaching interventions regarding improving the conceptual understanding of divisions of fractions.
[Copyright of The Mathematics Educator is the property of Mathematics Education Student Association, the University of Georgia.]

One of the principles adopted in the Review of Education System in Hong Kong is to give more room and flexibility for students to be masters of their own learning. (Education Commission, 1999). This is particularly important in teacher education programmes which aim to prepare student teachers who, in turn, will influence the learning approach of their students. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is generally a student centered learning approach in which students are encouraged to participate in the learning process. Two groups of students, one group studying the Technical Teacher Certificate Course and the other on Certificate of Education Course, form the subjects of this research project. A real contextual problem was posed to the students and the lecturers act as facilitators during the whole learning process. Students feedback and their attitudes were solicited after the first cycle of implementing PBL. The first week of the PBL process was most crucial and it is important that students fully understand what PBL is and what are the roles of lecturers and students in the learning process. The second phase of the project was administered with reference to the comments from staff and students made after the completion of the first cycle. Follow-up interviews were conducted to report on the needs of the students in the learning process. It is anticipated that this study can foster more student involvement in the learning process and that deep learning is encouraged and supported.

This paper reports on a process of curriculum innovation for a pedagogy course with a focus on the perceptual gaps between teacher educators and student teachers. As a collaborative inquiry by teacher educators, it was a response to government-led education reform for a new subject at senior secondary level - Liberal Studies - which aimed to cultivate citizenship with humanitarian values. Observing critical discourse and community learning as desirable pedagogical principles to nurture a new generation of teachers for social awareness and commitment to citizenship, the curriculum innovation began with recognition of student teachers' lack of readiness to embrace such learning orientations due to the pre-university approach to learning for examination performance. The challenges were met with the design of assessment tasks that shaped independent thinking and collaborative inquiry, while building relationships in multiple human and conceptual dimensions. Through analysis of a flow of episodes, the paper captures the meaning of the processes of liberation to learn, and concludes with depiction of a growth model for transformation of relationships amidst a performance-related assessment culture.
[Copyright of Education as Change is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2014.882267]