It is commonly believed that ethnic minority (EM) parents tend to have low expectation towards their children’s education due to adverse social and economic status, but other studies suggest EM parents would have high expectation because they want their children to gain upward social mobility. In this study, we compared Pakistani parents’ expectation towards early childhood education (ECE) with Hong Kong parents and examined the role of acculturation in Pakistani parents’ expectation towards ECE. Participants were 73 first-generation Pakistani parents living in Hong Kong and 214 Hong Kong parents. They filled in questionnaires that measured expectation towards ECE. Pakistani parents also answered a questionnaire that captured the degree of acculturation. Results of moderation analysis revealed significant interactions between culture and child gender in all the dimensions of parental expectation towards ECE. Specifically, Pakistani parents reported higher expectation towards ECE than Hong Kong parents. Moreover, Pakistani parents generally reported significantly higher expectation for boys than for girls, while Hong Kong parents’ expectation towards girls was significantly higher than boys with a few exceptions. Moreover, regression analyses showed that integration and marginalization were positively related to several dimensions of parental expectation. These findings provide pioneer understanding about expectation towards ECE among Pakistani parents in Hong Kong and shed light on the promotion of gender-equality ECE. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study examined early development of cool and hot self-regulation and how they were related to Chinese preschoolers' early achievement. A total of 951 children (448 girls) aged three to five in Hong Kong participated in this study. Children's self-regulation was assessed with a battery of five tasks tapping either cool or hot self-regulation; early child development was assessed with items selected from the Hong Kong Early Child Development Scales. Mothers reported children's behaviors according to items selected from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to understand children's emotional and behavior problems. The results identified a complex relationship between cool and hot self-regulation and cool and hot self-regulation were also found to predict children's achievement differently. These findings suggest the unique role of cool and hot self-regulation in early years and the importance of integrating both the cool and hot aspects of self-regulation in the research and practice arenas. Copyright © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

As many students worldwide receive second language (L2) English private tutoring (EPT) that shadows school curricula, examining student perceptions of it is essential to understanding their L2 learning. From the L2 Motivational Self perspective, students’ ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self and L2 learning experience are linked to student enjoyment of EPT. This study explores these links via analysis of survey responses of 2,216 Secondary Six (Grade 12) students who attended a company’s L2 EPT lectures in Hong Kong. Most of these students (80%) enjoyed EPT. They were more likely to enjoy EPT if they perceived more financial resources in their families, attended schools taught in Chinese (students’ first language), had internalized instrumental goals, liked English, were not influenced by advertisements to attend EPT, attended face-to-face tutoring (rather than video tutoring), had a specific tutor, or liked their EPT tutor more than their English teacher. This study offers theoretical implications and directions for further research in EPT and L2 motivation. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s).

This paper analyses the learning impacts of a social justice learning unit, which was implemented through three lectures in each of two undergraduate teacher education courses in 2017/18 across two semesters. The design of the unit allows for social inquiry and experiential learning in the undergraduate curriculum. A sequential mixed-methods design was adopted, with pre and post questionnaire and interview data gathered from undergraduate students. We argue that learning and applying social justice concepts through group inquiry and other learning activities on social justice related issues, together with an experiential learning site visit, can facilitate the development of understanding of both the concept and application of social justice, a positive perception towards ethnic minorities and a desire for further learning and engagement in the community. This study would be useful for any university educators who want to teach about and for social justice in ways that may help students to develop an increased willingness for community service. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s).

The current study aimed to predict secondary school students’ motivation toward sport injury prevention in “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” contexts, and their sport injury prevention behavior at 3‐month follow‐up using the trans‐contextual model (TCM). Hong Kong secondary school students (N = 1566; mean age = 13.34 years, range = 11 to 19; female = 49.42%) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete a survey comprising previously validated scales measuring TCM constructs at baseline and a measure of sport injury prevention behavior at follow‐up three months later. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized paths among TCM constructs. A SEM specifying hypothesized paths among TCM variables showed acceptable fit with the data (χ²(29) = 418.55, CFI = .93, TLI = .90, and RMSEA = .09, 90% CI [.09, .10], and SRMR = .05). Findings supported tenets of the TCM: the effects of perceived autonomy support from PE teachers on in‐school autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, the trans‐contextual relationship between students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, and the effects of autonomous motivation toward injury prevention on social cognitive variables and subsequent sport injury prevention behaviors. Results supported the tenets proposed within the TCM in predicting students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward sport injury prevention. Findings underscore the potential importance of autonomy support from PE teachers in facilitating students’ sport injury prevention behaviors. Further longitudinal and intervention research is warranted to establish temporal and causal effects of TCM variables in sport injury prevention. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

There has been little effort in developing life education programmes that focus on students’ character strengths and life skills, which can help them solve present and future life challenges. In this presentation, we propose a strength-based programme focusing on positive value and life education delivered using educational technology for primary, secondary, and university students in Hong Kong. This programme aims to cultivate students’ character strengths, foster their leadership and entrepreneurship, and optimize their human functioning. To introduce and cultivate positive life values, internet technology and mobile application are the most cost-effective approaches to address students’ needs for feasibility, practicality, and sustainability. The life education programme can consist of several modules for different learning objectives, tailored to a target population, with each module focusing on a specific theme consisting of hands-on experiential learning exercises. Gamification techniques to enhance the learning experience and promote engagement in the exercises will be discussed. Through rigorous scientific methods, the effectiveness of this programme for enhancing students’ character strengths, positive life values, leadership and entrepreneurship, and life functioning can be assessed. This presentation will provide valuable insight into the development of positive value and life education programmes using educational technology in Hong Kong and beyond.關注學生性格優勢和生活技巧的生命教育課程有助於他們戰勝目前乃至未來生活中的挑戰。但在這些課程的開發方面，我們的努力還遠遠不夠。在本次簡報中，我們提出了一個「強項為本」項目。該項目致力於通過教育科技向本港大中小學生傳遞正向價值觀和推行生命教育，旨在發揮學生的性格優勢，培養領導能力和創業精神，並充分挖掘和激發他們的個人潛能。在引進和培養正向人生價值觀方面，網絡科技和手機程式因其靈活性、實用性和可持續性成為滿足學生所需最具成本效益的方法。生命教育課程由不同模塊組成，每一模塊均為特定目標群體度身打造，各有學習目標，並附設不同主題的實戰演練。此外，我們還將探討在課程中加入遊戲化技巧以加強學習體驗並提升實戰演練的參與程度。我們將採用嚴謹的科學方法對本項目在增強學生性格優勢、樹立正面人生價值觀、培養領導能力和創業能力及激發人生潛能方面的有效性進行評估。希望本次簡報能對本港乃至其他地區以教育科技推行正面價值觀和生命教育之項目有所啟發。 Copyright © 2019 Learning & Teaching Expo.

研究團隊曾發表〈香港小學佛化生命教育初探〉的論文，而在兒童至青少年階段，主要的生命場景，都是在學校中度過的。因此，研究團隊在完成了香港佛化教育的初探以後，顯然目光應朝向生命教育的另一階段――中學教育。以此因緣，研究團隊走訪了二十一所香港佛教中學，以見出「香港中學佛化生命教育」的實況。研究團隊在中學佛化生命探索之際，不斷反覆自我提問︰中學生由於其生命由純粹而駁雜，是可能引致其生命素質下降的根源。那麼難道我們建議他們不要成長嗎？可以拒絕由知識而帶來的「所知障」嗎？那麼學校和老師的角色又當如何？怎樣才算得是一位能導引生命的導師呢？凡斯種種，皆能緊扣生命素質的主題而問。中學生較小學生的生命由純粹而駁雜，知識由「為學日益」而見長，但西方學者推行的道德教育，往往由於道德知識與道德行動分離，不能兼顧︰意願、行為和判斷三個層面的結合，才會出現「所知障」的問題。生命素質的提升，並非僅止於知識的提升而已，這亦正是重在知識與技巧的現代教育方向，尤其強調「基於果效的學習」(outcome based learning) 的主要盲點所在。所有成功的生命素質教育，必然具有以下兩種特質︰其一、必須對知識有「辯證式」的提升，才有真正生命素質的提升。易言之，不能光看問題的正面，也必須從反面思考，最後把正反兩面結合，才看提升到新的境界。這正是青原惟信禪師「見山是山」、「見山不是山」、「再見山是山」的思考模式。不過，這個新的境界，也會變成你現時的正面思維，必須不斷再經歷前述的提升，才會再有生命素質的提升。其二(甚至是最決定性的因素)、生命導師的最重要功能與價值――以身為範。前引青原惟信禪師的偈語，其重點不惟落在智慧境界的提升上，而在於個人體會「親見知識」，才「有箇入處」，又親嘗其內心之轉折、奮鬥，才可說「得箇休歇處」。能有內心的體會，才「許汝親見老僧」。如果純粹談知見，有人既能完全把握「見山是山」等三層辯證的意涵，則他已在智能上，超越了一般的見地。則准許他親見老僧，難道是為了嘉獎其聰明才智嗎？如是，又稱得上是生命的學問嗎？因此，禪師要親見此人，乃要把自身生命中經歷的種種，傳授予此見道之人，讓他在生命上有真實的提升和鞏固也。則所謂生命導師者，非惟內容上指導，而在內心的體貼、點撥、提撕之地用功也！The research team has published previously a “Preliminary Study of Buddhist Life Education at Primary Schools in Hong Kong”. Since most of one’s early life is spent in formal education, the team has gone on to investigate life education in the next phase in 21 Buddhist secondary schools. During this process, the team has kept questioning themselves: “Should we discourage students to grow up if complexity in life is the main cause of their deteriorating life quality? Can we refuse hindrances to wisdom-knowledge (jñeyāvaraṇa)? What roles should schools and teachers play? What comprise a life mentor?” Every question asked is relevant to life quality.A secondary school student has a life complicated (less pure) than a primary school student’s. Knowledge is gained by everyday learning. However, the moral education western scholars have proposed separates moral knowledge and moral actions, one cannot be aware of both. Jñeyāvaraṇa occurs when problems from will-, action-, and judgment-levels combine. Improving life quality does not only involve an

Approximately 6% of the population are estimated to have difficulties with learning about numbers and arithmetic, generally regarded as dyscalculia (or mathematics learning disability). As no standardized procedure for identification of dyscalculia for primary students is currently available in Hong Kong, this study aimed to develop a math achievement test in identifying at-risk Primary students for dyscalculia, as a first step to serve this purpose. A sample of over 1000 Grade 1 to 6 students were invited to complete a comprehensively designed math achievement test, and items were selected based on their functioning. The finalized scales had good reliability and validity. The test provides psychologists and teachers a tool to assess students’ math achievement and may potentially serve as a diagnostic tool of at-risk Primary students for dyscalculia in Hong Kong. All rights reserved.