This chapter examines the role and nature of values in civic education curricula in the Asian global cities of Singapore and Hong Kong. Using a qualitative, comparative case study approach, we situate civic education in broader contexts and analyze the ways values are represented in Singapore’s Social Studies curriculum and the Liberal Studies curriculum in Hong Kong. Through our analysis of syllabus documents and broader societal discourses, we found several common core values across the two settings that simultaneously represented nationalist and global neoliberal discourses of citizenship. Rather than emphasizing political or civic concerns, curricular and societal discourses worked together to underscore self-management and the creation of orderly national societies attractive to global capital and necessary for economic growth in a competitive global economy. However, we found distinctions in each syllabus regarding approaches in values instruction. Documents in Singapore emphasized teaching values through transmissive methods, whereas, in Hong Kong, the Liberal Studies curriculum advocated a more deliberative pedagogy. The chapter poses broader questions regarding narrow, utilitarian forms of citizenship and possibilities for reimagining more critical forms of citizenship education in a globalized world.
[Copyright © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore.]

全球倫理尋求世界各宗教、文化間的共通點，提出核心的人類行為相處的原則。在1993年，世界宗教議會通過了全球倫理宣言。其後，面對金融海嘯後的經濟環境，聯合國和全球倫理基金會亦於2009年草擬了《全球經濟倫理宣言》，提出經濟活動的基本倫理準則和應持守的價值。自2008/09年起，香港教育學院宗教教育與心靈教育中心便與香港其他單位合力，引進當中的核心相處之道，融入香港課程。而聯合團隊先後兩次獲優質教育基金支持，推行計劃。在過程中，面對香港學校多元宗教辦學實況，團隊思考以「融合共享　個殊詮釋」作為促進全球倫理概念與香港實況相適應之途。是次將由團隊成員分享當中的經驗，以及即將推出的初中、高小六年品德與生命教育教材的設計點滴。

In major curriculum reforms, there are inevitably gaps between design and implementation issues, taking the introduction of liberal studies (LS) into the senior secondary curriculum in Hong Kong as a classic example. The current paper illustrates how the implementation of LS as a compulsory core subject has impacted noticeably on Hong Kong senior secondary education. The LS curriculum setup is somewhat different from traditional subjects due to both the interdisciplinary nature of its design and the conceptions of learning, teaching, and assessment. The current study therefore attempts to portray the delicate balance that exists between the desirability ans feasibility of LS curriculum reform through interviewing members of the working group on the review of the academic structure for senior secondary education and interface with higher education. The study reports that, while LS policy makers considered both desirability and feasibility angles of the LS curriculum in their initial planning, the implementation of the LS public examination and teacher training to support the radical curriculum innovation fell short of expectations. Findings in the study clearly indicate that much more should be taken into account in respect of the dominance of an examination culture as well as teachers’ professional development when making major curriculum design changes.
[Copyright © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.]

An interdisciplinary subject, liberal studies, was introduced as a compulsory and core subject into the New Senior Secondary Curriculum in Hong Kong in 2009 with the purpose of expanding students’ knowledge base and increasing their social awareness through investigation into a variety of issues. However, transforming curricular innovations into real classroom settings and maintaining them is a complicated process. This study aimed to investigate, during its first round of implementation, teachers’ pedagogical practices in 21 local schools through in-depth interviews and documentary analysis. The results reveal that the school administrators and teachers were more likely to adapt their teaching approaches and teaching materials than their teaching content and assessment. Both good practices and examination-oriented practices in the process of curriculum implementation were evident in this study. These findings contribute to our understanding of the implementation of an interdisciplinary curriculum in examination-oriented systems and inform the practitioners of school-based practices of curriculum implementation.
[Copyright © 2016 De La Salle University.]

大學通識教育興起於美國，20世紀獲得長足發展。在過去一百年間，美國大學的通識教育經歷了怎樣的發展歷程，主要有哪些理念流派，各主張在課程實踐中取得哪些成就以及遭遇到何種困難，這些經驗，對正在積極籌劃與發展大學通識教育的香港高校而言頗具參考意義。 本文首先分析通識教育的興起及其與自由教育的關係，然後將美國20世紀大學通識教育的發展分為三個階段：20世紀初至二三十年代、二戰後至七十年代末、20世紀八九十年代，分別敘述各個時期影響廣泛的通識教育理念與課程實踐，並討論其得失及對香港發展大學通識教育的可借鑒之處。

Although Hong Kong students perform quite well in international performance measurements such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), there are issues concerning the significant differences between the newly immigrated students and the local students, the gender differences and variation of performances among schools and within schools. Indeed, learning diversity has become an important issue as students come from many different families and with various backgrounds. In order to provide students with equal opportunities to learn, the new senior secondary school curriculum has set out a new direction for catering to students’ learning diversity. The major design of the new curriculum is to offer more electives and enhance student choices. It is also intended to be implemented with flexible teaching strategies and a school-based curriculum and assessment. How this can be done has posed a big challenge to schools and teachers. This paper aims to explore how the newly implemented curriculum can cater to learning diversity in greater depth.