Critical content and language-integrated learning (CLIL) has been advocated to attest raciolingusitic ideologies in plurilingual educational settings. However, little is known about how to help students in contesting inequalities about other structures of domination in bilingual education programs. This study aims to address this gap by examining the construction of gender identities in Secondary 4 (Grade 11) English-medium Liberal Studies lessons, which aimed to enhance awareness of gender equality and subject-specific English skills about the topic. The study shows that gender was constructed and reconstructed by conflicting multilingual and multimodal gendered discourses, including the formal curriculum, school lesson materials, and classroom interaction. The paper reveals that teachers and students jointly constructed masculinities of “real men,” “good men” and “gay men” in CLIL classrooms imbedded in curriculum contexts infused with gender dualism and alternative gender values began to emerge after the CLIL lessons. The results suggest that CLIL teachers can facilitate development of critical literacies about gender by enabling encounters of different voices in translanguaging and trans-registering spaces created by students’ familiar L1 everyday discourses and multimodal practices. Pedagogical implications were also discussed. Copyright © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

In content and language integrated learning (CLIL) classrooms, it is assumed that non-language content subjects provide more authentic communicative contexts for students to learn a foreign/second/additional language (L2). However, learning abstract concepts and academic language in an L2 simultaneously is also challenging for CLIL students. It is thus important for CLIL teachers to unpack and repack both abstract concepts and academic discourse for the students. ‘Semantic waves’, which model classroom practices of both unpacking and repacking, is arguably a key to understanding cumulative knowledge-building. Applying the concepts of semantic profiles and semantic waves, this paper analyses the classroom discourse of two CLIL science lessons in Hong Kong. In one lesson, the semantic profile mainly consists of downward shifts. The teacher adopted various useful strategies to unpack science concepts, especially with multimodalities, everyday L2 and students’ L1 resources. Yet, there was limited repacking. In contrast, some repacking was observed in another lesson, where the teacher provided explicit instruction on academic language and guided students through academic writing tasks. A semantic wave can thus be observed there. These findings on strategies for unpacking and repacking provide significant insights into knowledge building in CLIL contexts, and may hence illuminate CLIL pedagogical practices. © 2020 Informa UK Limited.

"Content and Language Integrated Learning" (CLIL) aims at enhancing both the academic language awareness and academic content awareness in teachers. Such a special curriculum approach necessitates that teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) consists of distinctive categories and domains that are different from either the PCK of teachers of content subjects (e.g., mathematics, sciences or liberal studies) or that of language teachers (e.g., SLA/L2 education). Drawing on the frameworks of studies on PCK (Grossman, 1988, 1990; Shulman, 1986, 1987; Tsui, 2003) and Teacher Language Awareness (Andrews, 2003; 2006; 2007), this research starts with the assumption that effective representation of subject content in L2 English demands PCK that goes beyond simple addition of the subject matter knowledge and the pedagogical knowledge of both subject content and the English language. Such PCK inevitably involves the integration of other knowledge and skill domains that are unique to the CLIL context. More importantly, how does teacher identity change interact with change in the teacher's pedagogical content knowledge? When does a content teacher start to see him/herself also playing the partial role of an academic language teacher, and when does a language teacher start to see him/herself also playing the partial role of helping students to learn academic content? Through ethnographic case studies, this research explores the CLIL PCK as well as the CLIL teacher identity change in three content teachers (in science, mathematics, and liberal studies) as well as two English language teachers. All of them have enrolled in a part-time Master of Education programme specializing in CLIL in Hong Kong schools. The study examines and explores the transformation of the teachers' PCK as well as their identity during their participation in the teacher education programme. The implications on our understanding of the teacher knowledge base of CLIL as well as its impact on teacher identity

This paper examines the gender components in the Hong Kong New Senior Secondary Liberal Studies (NSSLS) and evaluates whether the various discursive construction of gender converge to education of gender equity. Using Reisigl and Wodak (2009)'s discourse-historical approach to critical discourse analysis, the study analyzes the gender discourses in the Liberal Studies Curriculum and Assessment Guide (secondary 4-6) (2007). It is found that inconsistent and contradictory conceptions of gender are existent in the curriculum document. I therefore call upon policy makers to warn against the nuanced ways in which gender inequality can be implicitly embedded in curriculum documents. The study is the first empirical study that examines gender politics in secondary general education in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2016 American Educational Research Association.

This paper investigates the application of Sydney School genre-based approach (Rose and Martin, 2012) for developing critical literacies in L2 settings. Genre-based pedagogy was originally developed in Australia to provide disadvantaged learners with more accessible instruction of academic literacy and its potential to improve students' critical thinking skills remains considerably under-investigated. With comparative case studies of one Secondary 6 class in a Thai bilingual secondary school, one Secondary 4 class in an EMI school in Hong Kong, and one Secondary 6 class in a Content and Language Integrated Learning program (CLIL) in Sweden, where English is not the medium of everyday communication, the paper explores the affordances of the genre-based pedagogy to improve secondary students’ critical literacies in L2 English regarding gender issues in the EMI Social/Liberal Studies curricula. Results indicate that a) the Sydney School genre-based pedagogy is effective for enhancing students' ability to express critical thoughts in L2 English in the three cases and b) it is important to adapt Sydney School genre-based pedagogy to the specificity of the L2 settings. The paper therefore proposes that more lexical and grammatical support should be offered to ESL secondary students for development of critical thinking in the social science classrooms. Copyright © 2015 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. All Rights Reserved.

In line with Cameron (2005)’s notion of postmodern feminism, the paper explores the ways in which senior secondary boys and girls and teachers construct and position gender through actions, texts, talk and gestures in Hong Kong Senior Secondary Liberal Studies, a core school subject aiming to develop students' analytic capacity on social issues including gender. The paper draws upon discourse analysis to show that when everyday classroom practices are viewed in relation to multiple fields of actions, i.e. the societal, the institutional, and in the micro dynamics of classroom interaction, gender comes into view in a variety of ways. The study was guided by the following research question:What gendered discourses are co-constructed, negotiated or/and resisted by the Liberal Studies curriculum, school teachers and students?To this end, school ethnography was conducted in the Liberal Studies subject in two Hong Kong schools for two years. The study had three stages and triangulated data from official curriculum documents, semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, and students' writing assignments.In the first stage, interviews were conducted with teachers and students and student writing was collected in both schools. In the second stage, gender education lessons in Liberal Studies were video-taped in both schools. In the third stage, interview data and writing samples were collected from the same research participants. It is found that mainstream prototypes of femininity and masculinity are still perpetuated in the Liberal Studies classrooms, such as gender duality and traditional gender norms, which appears to defeat the subject's purpose to encourage diversity of gender subject positions and critical reflection on traditional gender values. The paper highlights how classroom language and literary events may subtly reproduce gender inequality in schooling contexts and suggests how teachers can create heteroglossic discursive space to nurture gender equity among

In this article, the processes and patterning of translanguaging and trans-semiotizing in facilitating Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) are examined in Cantonese-English bilingual contexts. Classroom interaction data and students’ written exercises/assignments were collected to analyse the processes of feeling-meaning making among junior secondary students and their teacher in English-medium Integrated Humanities classrooms in Hong Kong. Discourse analysis on classroom data and student exercises/assignments shows that translanguaging and trans-semiotizing naturally emerge in the dynamics of feeling-meaning making and the teacher and students have challenged the dominance of English and contested the previous stabilized cultural patterns of academic and non-academic registers via orchestrating Cantonese and English, formal and social languages, visual elements and physical items in the immediate environment. It is therefore suggested that translanguaging and trans-semiotizing should not only be seen as a spontaneous, naturally occurring process but can also be incorporated in multilingual CLIL classrooms as planned systematic scaffolding.本文針對雙語環境中學科與語言整合式教學(CLIL)，嘗試探討以跨語際、跨符號實踐作為課堂教學鷹架的過程與模式。本文以香港初中英文綜合人文(Integrated Humanities)課堂為例，蒐集、分析課堂互動錄影及學生課後習作，剖析師生共同建構情感意義的過程。分析表明，師生為令課堂連貫流暢，協調粵語、英語以及正式和非正式語言的運用，調動視覺元素及課堂環境中的相關物件，自然地以跨語際、跨符號實踐表情達意。英語的主導地位以及關於學術及非學術語域的傳統觀念也在無意中被挑戰。因此本文提出除了作為即時的自發現象，跨語際、跨符號實踐還可作為有計劃及系統的鷹架支持，運用於帶有多語言背景的CLIL課堂中。 Copyright © 2020 National Taiwan Normal University.