Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools by teachers is one of the ways to increase the number of bystanders who can perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Nevertheless, there have been no studies on the readiness of teachers in Hong Kong to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation in their schools. Objective: To assess whether secondary school teachers are prepared to teach their students cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: This was a questionnaire survey. Teachers from 22 local secondary schools were recruited. The questionnaires were designed with questions covering their knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and attitudes towards teaching their students cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A knowledge score and attitude score were calculated. Result: 557 teachers completed the questionnaires. Most had never witnessed a cardiac arrest and over half of them had never been trained cardiopulmonary resuscitation or use of an automated defibrillator. About 25% of them answered all questions on knowledge wrong. Only 25% supported teaching cardiopulmonayr resuscitation in schools and 32% were willing to teach it. Legal liability was a major concern. Conclusion: Local teachers' readiness for teaching students cardiopulmonary resuscitation in secondary schools is likely poor. More efforts are required to raise their knowledge level on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and instill a positive attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation education in schools.
[Copyright of Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine is the property of Sage Publications Ltd.]

Many universities have integrated community engagement in their undergraduate programs. At The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, it is compulsory for all students to take at least one 3-credit subject on service-learning (SL). In each SL subject, there are purpose-designed academic teaching, rigorous service and structured assessment components. At full implementation, roughly 4,500 undergraduate students would enroll in around 70 subjects offered by a wide range of departments and faculties across the university. The subjects cover a diverse range of topics, such as digital divide, learning difficulties, engineering design, healthy living environments, orthotics, and ecotourism. The target beneficiaries are equally diverse, including slum dwellers, disabled people, children with HIV, villagers without water nor electricity, new immigrants, mentally ill patients, ethnic minorities, and children of migrant workers. To date, students have served different groups of clients in Hong Kong, Chinese Mainland, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Rwanda. This chapter outlines the pedagogical design of the program, challenges and strategies for implementation, and the experiences gained so far.
[Copyright of International Journal of Child & Adolescent Health is the property of Nova Science Publishers, Inc.]

Using a holistic support framework, this study investigated teachers' conceptions of effective play-based learning development and how their perceptions of its effectiveness related to whole-child development. Data were collected from a mixed method study. A total of 286 questionnaires from 50 Hong Kong kindergartens were collected and then 29 principals, head teachers and teachers were interviewed after the completion of the survey. Results of quantitative analyses showed that school collaborative culture facilitated various aspects of children's development through the mediation of teachers' enactment of play pedagogy and home-school cooperation. Qualitative interview data also confirmed the survey results that the roles and functions of parents and teachers were significant in supporting the implementation of play-based learning in kindergarten settings. Findings of the study have shed light on the conceptualizations of effective play-based learning which are perceived by teachers as part of a school collaborative culture, teachers' enactment of play pedagogy and home-school cooperation. The practical and policy implications of the study may suggest adopting a holistic support model in the analysis and actively seeking to integrate parents, teachers and kindergartens in constructing an optimal play learning experience for young children.
[Copyright of Early Childhood Education Journal is the property of Springer Netherlands.]

Despite the prevailing “educational desire” in Confucian societies, Hong Kong, an East Asian entrepreneurial city, saw its access to higher education having been curiously restricted. Community colleges were therefore initiated by the government in 2000s to democratize the higher education sector. Purposively sampling and interviewing college graduates from different cohorts, social class and gender, this research examines the complexities of college processes and multi-dimensional notions of student success and access to higher learning in view of greater social justice. Using Bourdieu’s and Sen’s conceptual frameworks, it adds to the literature novel analytical perspective and advances the thesis about social inequalities and higher education. This paper illustrates how community college can elucidate social class disadvantages in highly competitive education systems. Copyright © 2019 AERA.

高等教育及其市場的發展不僅有助於增加國民收入，還有利於國家在國際競爭中發揮軟實力。中國香港、馬來西亞、新加坡等國家和地區的政府，都積極地採取措施打造區域教育中心；中國內地為滿足國民日益增長的留學需求，積極尋求海外夥伴，以推動高等教育逐步走向多元化。文章闡述了這些亞洲國家和地區通過推進跨國高等教育來實現大學國際化的戰略。結合作者在上述亞洲國家和地區對很多正在跨國攻讀學位的學生所做的訪談，文章論述了學生在不同國家的留學體驗。 Copyright © 2013 教育部教育管理信息中心.

Valid feedback is essential for the administrators, educators, parents and, of course, for children to be able to steer their development in a sustainable way. Key influential theorists such as Montessori, Piaget, Vygotsky, and others all used observations extensively to understand how children learn and use knowledge about children's learning to improve pedagogies and children's lives. However, most adults including teachers in the ECEC settings have not always observed children and tracked their growth.The grantees of Hong Kong Research Grants Council, Dr James Ko, Professor Doris Cheng, and Dr Jyrki Reunamo, have collaborated to find relationships between young children's involvement, adaptation and agency in early childhood settings through systematic observations. More than 100,000 observations were documented in research and professional development programs conducted in Finland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. By using simple cross-tabulation, researchers and teachers can obtain information about the context-specific aspects of learning, emotions and social relations. For example, children’s strategies to confront bullying were connected to their observed activities (Reunamo, Ko, Cheng, Lee, Wang, & Salminen, 2016). Agency and openness orientations observed in children were found affecting their differential development trajectories including their school readiness (Ko, 2015) and some children may show a higher risk in certain aspects of growth (Ko, 2015; Reunamo et al., 2016). It is well-known that "play" related activities in Hong Kong are very different from Finnish one (Cheng & Stimpson, 2004, Cheng, 2012), though western teaching approaches are translated in the Hong Kong early childhood curriculum (Cheng, 2006). By systematic observations, Cheng and Chen (2017) also showed that children in play-based activities showed the strongest class involvement. Recently, three researchers have developed self-accessible training materials with video clips and demonstrated how

This study was to examine the impacts of staff-child ratio on the quality of care and education for toddler-age children through controlling the variables of demographic features and structural characteristics of the compared classrooms. Two toddler classrooms in Hong Kong adopting different staff-child ratios were selected for the comprehensive quality assessments by using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised (ITERS-R) approach. The findings indicated a negative association between the staff-child ratio and the global quality of centre-based care and education for toddlers. The quality related to the "Interaction" and "Personal Care Routines" was found to be significantly related to the ratio, while the quality associated with the "Space and Furnishings" and "Program Structure" was less affected. The results of the study demonstrate the applicability of the ITERS-R in a new cultural and linguistic environment, and provide information on how staff-child ratio affects various aspects of the quality of care and education for toddlers. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.

The concept of the associate degree is new to the Hong Kong tertiary education system. Public discussion and research have focused much on the policy and operational aspects of this tier, but empirical efforts to examine associate degree students' learning experiences and how it relates to the policy are relatively sparse. The present study characterised Hong Kong associate degree students' learning experiences in this new tier of tertiary education from the light of human capital theory using qualitative methods. Thirty-five students forming 11 focus groups participated in the study. The focus group interview was exploratory and semi-structured, inviting the students to discuss their transition experiences. Three themes were grounded on the data: 1) Inferior identity; 2) Dual purposes of associate degree; and 3) Intense competition and stress. The present finding regarding associate degree students' learning experience yields implications on policy-making; specifically on the provision of financial support to minimise the cost incurred and broadening of admission in order to make this tier an integral part of the tertiary education system in Hong Kong to promote public perception of economic gain. Copyright © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Background: Although an increasing body of research shows the positive relationships between positive achievement emotions (enjoyment and hope) and students’ learning strategies, and academic achievement, the majority of studies were cross-sectional in nature and typically conducted in Western countries[Pekrun, 2006,; Pekrun, Goetz, Frenzel, Barchfeld, & Perry, 2011; Pekrun, Lichtenfeld, Marsh, Murayama, & Goetz, 2017].Aim: This study extended previous achievement emotions to a sample of Chinese university students by using an experimental design.Method: An intervention approach termed Team-based Learning (TBL) was implemented in four sessions of a general education breath course in Hong Kong Chinese students. Two classes of students were involved (N=80). One class was treated as experimental, the other was control.Results: The results showed that TBL produced significantly positive effects on enhancing students’ positive emotions (learning-related enjoyment and hope), meanwhile significantly reducing students’ negative emotions (learning-related boredom and anxiety) in the experimental class. In the control class, both enjoyment and hope increased, while both boredom and anxiety decreased. However, these changes of emotions in the control class were not significant.Conclusions: TBL may be a promising intervention approach to promote university students’ emotional well-being in terms of their learning-related emotions. Further research by increasing sample size and expanding to other courses and groups is needed. Copyright © 2018 ECPP.