Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to highlight the urgent need for a genuinely effective and attainable citizenship education model in Hong Kong’s schools, which focusses on promoting student participation in school governance. It is an empirical citizenship education management model for school leaders that illustrates the predictive effects of personally responsible, participatory, justice-oriented and patriotic citizenship, necessarily supported by school management practices, school ethos and teacher beliefs.Design/methodology/approach - A total of 3,209 students from 51 secondary schools in Hong Kong participated in a quasi-experimental design questionnaire survey. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to confirm the model.Findings - The results of the SEM show that the values and cultural practices held by a school’s teachers drive the implementation of its citizenship education. Moreover, it is well known that organizational values can exert a powerful influence and it is the same within educational structures: management practices in schools have an impact on ethos, teachers’ beliefs and student participation in school governance.Practical implications - The paper provides practical proposals for school leaders to create opportunities for student participation in school governance.Originality/value - This study builds on existing literature and provides school leaders with a practical model for implementing student participation in school governance. Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited.

In schools in Hong Kong, a, team of teachers are assigned the specific responsibilities of enforcing school rules and regulations and handling individual students' serious conduct problems. They are called discipline teachers. Government statistics show that there is an increasing rate of students' unruly and delinquent behaviour in the recent years. This study aimed at examining the management style of a group of discipline teachers as a means of exploring effective intervention strategies for schools to cope with problem situations. The subjects (27 males and 15 females) were administered the Pupil Control Ideology Form. They were also asked about their perceived roles as discipline teachers and to evaluate the usefulness of some commonly used discipline measures. Findings indicated that majority of the subjects were custodial in their management style and they evaluated those discipline measures which had immediate effects to deter students' disruptive behaviour as most useful. Implications for effective intervention strategies were discussed.
[Copyright © 1997 Psychologia Society.]

One of the challenges facing Hong Kong schools is the growing cultural diversity of the student population that is a result of the growing number of ethnic minority students in the schools. This study uses semi-structured interviews with 12 American, Canadian, Indian, Nepalese and Pakistani teachers working in three secondary schools in the public sector to examine how school teachers are handling this challenge. The study uses these interviews to establish a model for the creation of culturally responsive environments that may help to improve the academic performance and promote the personal growth of students in Hong Kong's secondary schools. Five aspects of cultural responsiveness are identified: conceptualising cosmopolitanism, raising sensitivity to ?minor acts of racism?, managing the diverse learning needs of students, promoting a deep understanding of cultural values and helping students deal with the challenges of trilingualism. This study argues that ethnic minority teachers are engaged in a continuing cross-cultural process through which they make sense of the cultural diversity of students and re-learn their own beliefs and practices. The implications for the creation of a culturally responsive environment are also presented.
[Copyright of Asia Pacific Journal of Education is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2013.823379]

This study examines the phenomenon of school bullying and its effect on the mental health of junior secondary school students in Hong Kong. The participants (N = 364, mean age = 13.55) reported on a survey that included a bullying scale, the Chinese General Health Questionnaire-30, and a psychosocial scale. Verbal bullying was the most frequently performed and experienced school bullying behavior. Boys were significantly more involved than girls in direct physical bullying and as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Girl victims suffered more in mental ways. Regression analysis indicated school bullying problems and gender contributed notably to the variances in the students' mental health. The findings on bullying behavior and mental health are discussed.
[Copyright of Journal of School Violence is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J202v07n02_02]