Sport education has attracted attention and interest from physical educators recently. However, the implementation of sport education has not been without difficulties. The purposes of this study were to understand the views of teachers and students on this model as well as examining the difficulties the teachers may face when implementing the model. Two secondary physical education teachers and 110 secondary students participated in the study. The teachers taught a unit of football lessons in sport education to two classes of students. They were requested to keep a reflective journal that focused on the process of implementation of the approach as well as the student reaction to this model. An interview focused on their views of using the approach was conducted with each teacher. Views of students toward the instructional approach were also obtained through the use of structured questionnaire. Results revealed that the major difficulty faced by the teachers was the planning before the implementation. Most students expressed that they favoured the model and understood more about the organizing of football games. They also valued the learning of collaboration skills and team spirits in the lessons. The findings hold implications for the physical educators and teacher educators in Hong Kong.
[Copyright © 2008 Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University.]

球類課在體育課程中佔了一個十分重辰的位置。目前，香港體育教師大部份都採用技巧教學法 (Skill-based approach) 教導學生學習球類活動，1005年筆者曾對本港中學體育教師採用技巧教學法的現況作出調查，在155位的中學體育教育中，有92.9%的教師都採用技巧教學法，但30%的教師卻指出採用技巧教學法授課時出現困難；其實技巧教學法於80年代初期備受英國體育學者 (Bunker and Thorpe，1986) 的批評，指出其弱點是過份重視技巧學習，而忽略了學生對該球類活動的認識及本身智能的發展，因此他們提倡另一種新教學法：領會教學法 (Teaching Games for Understanding)，重點是以認識該活動為主，並透過戰術的學習，讓學生能依自己能力作思考及作出適當的表現。 為了要解決體育教師面對技巧教學法的困難，本文主要的目的是探討體育講師採用哪一種教學法訓練準體育教師教授球類活動，希望找出問題所在，並嘗試介紹一個新教學方法作為日後培訓一班更能幹的準體育教師教授球類活動。
[Copyright © 1996 Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University.]

The purpose of this article is to describe the outcomes of a study that investigated the embedding of a problem-based learning (PBL) instructional approach in traditional undergraduate teaching curriculum. This article reports the outcomes of the study, which involved two groups of full-time hotel and catering management sub-degree and degree students in face–to–face mode at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The results of the study suggest that students appreciate a self-directed approach to learning. The results also indicate that there are significant perceptual differences between the pre-PBL intervention scores and the post-PBL intervention scores. Furthermore, the outcome of student feedback indicates that students are willing to embrace PBL methods—methods based on student-centred learning as opposed to teacher-centred learning. The students in the study mainly experienced traditional methods of teaching and learning during their education, and were accustomed to a teacher-led, passive style of learning. However, after exposure to PBL methods, students demonstrated that they were able to take a more pro-active role in their learning. Of the classroom activities that students participated in, group activities rated the highest. Qualitative feedback from the students also highlights that they value communicative and interactive learning activities more than the traditional lecture-led method of learning. One negative finding was that students were concerned about the amount of time required for the PBL approach to learning compared with traditional lecture-led learning methods.
[Copyright © 2004 Elsevier.]

Teacher Concerns Questionnaire (TCQ) was administered to 75 Hong Kong pre-service and in-service student teachers of primary physical education prior to their teaching practice or the commencement of teaching supervision period. Results showed no significant differences in all concern scale scores between groups and the three-factor structure of TCQ could not be replicated. Recommendations for future research were made: First, a modified TCQ for physical educators needs to be specifically designed. Second, qualitative data should be collected for more in-depth study of teacher concerns. Third, longitudinal research design should be used. Fourth, other factors that are likely to influence teacher concerns should also be considered.
[Copyright © 1999 Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University.]

Personal observations and evaluation reports on teaching practice suggest that PE teachers attending training at the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) tend to "over teach" in the sense that they talk too much and put too much emphasis on scientific details such as the mechanical properties of a movement. As more time was spent on explanation and other phases of teaching, learning through play in the applying phase was reduced. Observations also indicated that PE teachers tended to use drills rather than plays or modified games to allow pupils to acquire the criteria performance. A study of 250 lesson plans written by 24 students of an Advanced Certificate of Teacher Education (ACTE) course and 30 students of a Teacher Certificate (TC) course in the HKIEd has also revealed the same tendency. Evidence indicates that the mean time allocation for the applying phase shown by these students is lower than that suggested by textbooks/documents in pedagogy (approximately 50%). "Over teaching" in the above sense may be a socio-political measure in response to the academic movement of our discipline. Drills, which in general facilitate skill refinement, neglect the interest of different ability groups and the two sexes.
[Copyright © 1998 Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University.]

This paper analyzes the development of social welfare, social work education, and the social work profession against the background of Hong Kong's socio-economic and political development before and after the historic 1997 transfer of sovereignty. The change from a British colonial regime to China's Special Administrative Region has not changed Hong Kong's welfare regime, which provides the context in which the social work profession and education developed. The welfare sector has been increasingly subject to managerialist control by the government. Marketization in higher education in general has resulted in the proliferation of social work education programs. On the other hand, social work education has ventured new directions of development to face up with the challenges of increasing globalization.
[Copyright © 2010 Marshall Cavendish Academic.]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of integrated physical education (PE) in general PE classes at elementary schools in Hong Kong. A questionnaire and cover letter were sent to 115 participants. A follow-up was made to contact non-respondents two weeks after the initial dissemination of questionnaires. Of those that were surveyed, 72.17% (N=83) responded. The results indicated that there were 12 different types of students with disabilities integrated into general settings. Most inclusive classroom integrated 1-3 students with disabilities and class sizes vary widely from school to school. Teachers received limited personnel support, faced more serious barriers for integration in the future, and possessed the need for professional development. Seven valuable implications of the results were discussed.
[Copyright © 2010 ACESS, Asian Council of Exercise & Sports Science. Authors are granted permission by ACESS to use their own material in subsequent publications, and to reproduce the material in total or in part for educational purposes or personal use.]

This paper presents a teaching/learning model that utilizes information technology to facilitate critical thinking and collaboration skills in two physical education modules, Adapted Physical Education (28 students), and Motor Learning (27 students), taught at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. The aim of the project was to examine whether three types of asynchronous online activities embedded within the Blackboard Learning Management System enhanced student learning. The effectiveness of these activities was assessed through the number of online interactions, a survey, and selected interviews. Results showed greater online interactions than face-to-face interactions (ranging from 37 to 132 interactions per topic), improved ability to integrate theory with practical settings, and high level of student satisfaction with the online mode of delivery. The study indicated that the creation of alternative learning spaces in the Blackboard Learning Management System is an effective platform to enhance learning through interactive student-centered learning activities beyond the physical education classroom.
[Copyright © 2008 ACESS, Asian Council of Exercise & Sports Science.]