Classroom research suggests teachers can use instructional (cognitive, organizational, and procedural) choices to support student autonomy and promote their engagement in schools. Guided by self-determination theory, this study examined the relationships among these three instructional choices and students' engagement in secondary physical education. Participants were 92 middle school (64 boys, 28 girls; M age = 13.94 years, SD = 0.87) and 83 high school students (29 boys, 54 girls; M age = 17.76 years, SD = 0.94) enrolled in physical education classes at six schools in Hong Kong. They responded to previously established questionnaires on 5-point scales. Results of the study revealed cognitive, organizational, and procedural choices emerged as differential predictors of student engagement in physical education for middle and high school students. Teachers should be aware of this finding while providing students instructional choices in physical education.
[Copyright © ACESS, Asian Council of Exercise & Sports Science].

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of integrated physical education (PE) in general PE classes at elementary schools in Hong Kong. A questionnaire and cover letter were sent to 115 participants. A follow-up was made to contact non-respondents two weeks after the initial dissemination of questionnaires. Of those that were surveyed, 72.17% (N=83) responded. The results indicated that there were 12 different types of students with disabilities integrated into general settings. Most inclusive classroom integrated 1-3 students with disabilities and class sizes vary widely from school to school. Teachers received limited personnel support, faced more serious barriers for integration in the future, and possessed the need for professional development. Seven valuable implications of the results were discussed.
[Copyright © 2010 ACESS, Asian Council of Exercise & Sports Science. Authors are granted permission by ACESS to use their own material in subsequent publications, and to reproduce the material in total or in part for educational purposes or personal use.]

This paper presents a teaching/learning model that utilizes information technology to facilitate critical thinking and collaboration skills in two physical education modules, Adapted Physical Education (28 students), and Motor Learning (27 students), taught at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. The aim of the project was to examine whether three types of asynchronous online activities embedded within the Blackboard Learning Management System enhanced student learning. The effectiveness of these activities was assessed through the number of online interactions, a survey, and selected interviews. Results showed greater online interactions than face-to-face interactions (ranging from 37 to 132 interactions per topic), improved ability to integrate theory with practical settings, and high level of student satisfaction with the online mode of delivery. The study indicated that the creation of alternative learning spaces in the Blackboard Learning Management System is an effective platform to enhance learning through interactive student-centered learning activities beyond the physical education classroom.
[Copyright © 2008 ACESS, Asian Council of Exercise & Sports Science.]