Changes that occur in teachers' careers are typically conceptualized in research as occurring in several demarcated and sequential stages/phases. This study examines secondary schoolteachers' understandings of their careers and whether they could identify stages/phases in their career development. It is based on experienced teachers' recall of their career development and their in-depth interviews. The findings demonstrate the need to acknowledge the individual ways in which teachers develop as well as the need for the use of multiple frameworks for describing teachers' career development. Using a single a priori model to describe their career development, as has been common in certain previous research, does not do justice to teachers' understanding of their own careers. Furthermore, the findings of this study shed light on the contextualized nature of experience and expertise. Accordingly, implications for teacher education and policy-making in the area are drawn.
[Copyright of Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13450600500083832 ]

An in-depth investigation is currently being conducted into the metalinguistic awareness of a group of practising L2 teachers, all non-native speakers teaching English in Hong Kong secondary schools. The investigation focuses on teacher metalinguistic awareness (TMA) as it relates to grammar. As part of this in-depth study, a test was administered in order to explore the declarative dimension of TMA: the teacher's explicit knowledge of grammar and grammatical terminology. The test was based largely on Alderson et al. (1996), which in turn draws upon Bloor (1986). The present paper reports on the test performance of these serving teachers as an indication of the level and nature of their explicit knowledge of grammar and grammatical terminology. It also compares their performance with that of two groups of prospective teachers of EFL/ESL: one group of native-speakers and the other of non-native speakers. Comparison with the former helps to shed light on the native/non-native issue (see, for example, Medgyes, 1994) as it relates to explicit knowledge of grammar, while comparison with the latter offers some indication of the effects of post-secondary education and teaching experience upon such knowledge.
[Copyright of Language Awareness is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658419908667125]

文章匯報一個對美術教師個人創作的情況的研究。經問卷調查的結果，34位小學教師中，有4人在調查期間有進行創作；而50位中學美術老師中，半數以上有進行不同類別創作。一般來說，沒有創作的原因，主要是時間不足、資源缺乏和創作氣氛薄弱。有些老師認為教學和創作可以相長，祇要有意願，環境資源是可以創造出來的。

香港美術教育協會就「大學教育資助委員會」和「師訓與師資諮詢委員會」對教育發展的未來方向對公眾諮詢有關師資問題提出意見。該會就美術師資培訓提出「質」和「量」的建議，其中包括在師資培訓課程內容的改革，各大專院校和大學資源的靈活運用，並且要提高教育行業的吸引力，使優秀學生投身教育界，以提高教師質素。

This paper aims to promote teachers' participation in all curriculum development processes commonly believed to be a powerful collaborative approach which can improve the school curriculum. The author points out that its success lies on three interacting elements: the skill and knowledge enhancement of teachers, a genuinely open system for participation, and a facilitating human environment.

作者綜合課程實踐的需要和師資培訓者的意見，提供了一個中文科教師的中文能力結構，並參照台灣國民學校教師研習會的同類研究，以能力結構為基礎設計了一份有63道題目的問卷。研究以問卷形式訪問六類教育專業人員，看他們對小學中文科教師的語文能力的要求。研究在1986年和1996年重覆進行，結果顯示雖然相差10年，但受訪者的看法仍十分接近。他們均認為基本的語言知識和能力，以及教學語言能力最為重要，而且看法與台灣的教育工作者相當吻合。作者認為要經過實際測試，才能確知中文科教師的語文能力是否能達到要求，最後他們建議：一、要繼續進行研究，才能訂定實際可行的教師基準；二、參考研究結果，釐定師資培訓課程的新路向；三、加強教師語文基礎知識、寫字能力、寫作能力、文學作品賞析能力和中國文化知識的培訓。（鄭佩芳整理）

作者採用問卷調查方法，問卷包括普通話能力、聆聽能力、注音能力及朗讀能力四部分，共52項能力要求，研究對象逐一評定它們對一位中文科教師的重要性。研究結果顯示中、小學中文科教師對普通話能力要求不同；另外，不同教學年資和年齡的老師，對為中文科教師舉辦的普通話課程應包括的範疇，也有不同的看法。研究者根據這些結果，對相關的培訓課程提出一些建議。（何文勝整理）

The current global movement in the reform of education seems to focus on a number of issues that include standards, quality and teacher preparation. With regard to the latter, while teacher education curricula in most parts of the world attempt to strike a balance between content and professional training, the emerging scenario is that of training expert teachers. Three types of knowledge identified as necessary for expert teaching are content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. For Hong Kong to embark on a satisfactory and effective public education reform, it is essential that its most valuable human resource (i.e. teachers) must be comprehensively and adequately developed. Attention must be paid to both pre-service and in-service to raise an excellent quality-oriented teaching force. Teacher educators and researchers make important and well-informed decisions about what should be included in pre-service and in-service teacher development programmes. However, it is also important to take into account the teachers' own perceptions about the areas in which they feel confident and knowledgeable and those inwhich they do not. One practical avenue of sourcing such information is the teacher in training who is learning to acquire and display expertise. This paper reports on an investigation using a sample of 183 science and mathematics trainee teachers. A 60-item instrument, the Science and Mathematics Expert Teacher Preparation Survey (SMETPS),was developed to gather data on trainee teachers' perceptions of their current knowledge and what they think they need to know to become expert teachers. The data, analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, indicated some of the areas in which trainee teachers identified the need for future professional development that would contribute towards expert training. Several issues which emerged from the results are discussed, with reference to implications for current efforts in expert teacher