In order to help student teachers to clarify what they know about art, thus to improve the quality of learning and teaching about art for kindergarten teachers, an action research was designed and implemented during the Qualified Kindergarten Teacher Education Course offered by the Hong Kong Institute of Education. This paper presents the changes of conception of art for the student teachers in the course. Before and after the art activities, the students were invited to discuss as well as complete open-ended questionnaires to express their own ideas on art. They were requested to explain what they thought art is for themselves as well as for the early childhood children. It is interesting to find that after they had undergone the process of the project they showed that art is not only for art’s sake. Art activities mean more than an abstract term. Then the relationship between art learning and other aspects of children’s development was identified and disputed.
[Copyright © 2000 The Hong Kong Institute of Education.]

This symposium presents four case reports of an action research project conducted by teacher educators to investigate the relationship between teaching within the Hong Kong Institute of Education and the practical context in school classrooms in Hong Kong. Each presenter shares the background, rationale, theoretical framework, research design, modes of inquiry and findings based on data collected from teaching a selected teacher preparation course or in authentic classroom situations. The interactions and reflective dialogue among team members and student-teachers of diversified background have established a collaborative culture in developing effective means of linking theories and beliefs into the practical context of schools. These best practices through action research have formed a sustainable process of inquiry transferable and adaptable to other teacher educators aspired to advance in their professional career.

It is important to promote the use of ICT, used in a broad sense, by teachers in the field of early childhood education. This paper discusses a case study of a pre-service kindergarten teacher in Hong Kong Institute of Education who enrolled on a course in Computer Applications in Early Childhood Education Curriculum in 2006. The research methodologies used were in-depth interview and content analysis. The case study aims to explore this pre-service student's conception of ICT and understanding of the strategies to integrate it into a one-day teaching plan. The research data showed that a range of technologies were used and identified the reasons for their use. It was found that the following factors influenced the student's decisions: experience of using technologies; beliefs about using technologies; the organizational environment; the acceptance of ICT use by kindergarten teachers; and the technical support and professional training available. The case study gave insights into the views of pre-service kindergarten teachers on preparing and implementing technologies in the classroom and should assist teacher educators to develop powerful training strategies for integrating ICT into early childhood education.

This paper attempts to explore the complex and multi-dimensional nature of student teachers’ learning to teach in teaching practice from the life history perspective. It first reviews the relevant literature portraying the life history perspective, with particular reference to student teachers’ learning. It then presents the methodology and findings of a pilot study of student teachers’ learning to teach in Hong Kong, adopting the life history lens to analyze the qualitative data collected. The tentative analysis of the data collected tells that the life history perspective is far from offering an adequate explanation of the complexity of student teachers’ learning. Suggestions are made on using the teacher socialization perspective as a conceptual alternative to guide future research.

This paper describes a study investigating the professional development of Hong Kong kindergarten teachers. Tracking the teaching and learning of 'play' of six front-line kindergarten teachers by means of the three levels of reflection put forward by Schon (1983, 1987), the study reveals the challenges in the professional lives of these teachers who are working under the conflicting demands and expectations of the society. The result shows that five out of the six informants are entrapped in a 'technicality' of teaching by developing an obsessive hunt for authentic teaching aids. Unfortunately, this behaviour perpetuates under the effect of a self-fulfilling prophecy working within these teachers. Mismatches between the teaching reform and a number of vital core factors for the reform to be succeeded are identified. This paper calls for a due attention to understand the complexities impeding the teaching reform. It echoes the concern of Bascia and Hargreaves (2000) and appeals to policy makers and the public for a fair demand on the role of teachers, who must not be hold accountable for all that is wrong with education, for the scale of the problems that teachers are expected to address just cannot be solved easily by the teachers themselves.