This exploratory study aimed to examine university teachers' conceptions and articulation of care amidst online teaching. The pandemic-initiated sudden changes to online platform-based teaching and consequently caused many teachers to critically reflect on those affective and relational behaviors and interactions that are possible during physically-embodied pedagogy, but that are either no longer possible or even undesirable online. This has resulted in a research gap that we feel this study addresses, by drawing on the reflections and experiences of nine caring academic and teaching staff in a Hong Kong public university. Thematic analysis of these reflections relating to the practice of, and barriers to, care emphasised the overarching theme of the centrality of presence about, and for, students. This overarching theme was complemented by two sub-themes relating to 'lacking physical presence as a barrier to care' and 'building an online presence for articulation of care'. On the basis of these exploratory findings, we offer preliminary arguments relating to a caring pedagogical approach underpinned by a deepening of presence and learning collaboration. This paper, we argue, adds to the body of knowledge in the under-researched area of teacher care amidst online teaching, and suggests a future theorisation of online care within higher education pedagogy. Copyright © 2023 Taylor & Francis.

隨著漢語學習在全球範圍內逐漸升溫，國際漢語教師的培養成為了焦點。迫於全球疫情的蔓延，教師教育開始普遍採用線上教學的模式，然而關於國際漢語教師的線上教學研究十分缺乏。本研究以國際漢語教學專業研究生為物件，實施了關於任務型教學法的線上教學。研究收集了學生在Moodle 論壇上的反思和討論，運用文本挖掘（text-mining）技術提取出有意義的、具有代表性的資訊，展示了學生對任務型教學法的認知發展過程。基於研究結果，本文建議針對國際漢語教師的線上教學需要充分發揮資訊技術的能供性，為啟動教師先備知識、促進教師反思、合作討論以及知識建構創造條件。Since the widespread of learning Chinese in the global context, increasing attention has been paid to teacher education of Chinese as an international language (CIL). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, online teaching mode has been widely employed in teacher education. However, a dearth of research has investigated the training of CIL teachers via online teaching mode. The study conducted online teacher training about task-based language teaching (TBLT) to master’s students of teaching CIL. The study applied the text mining technique to analyze the reflections and collaborative discussion that were generated by the students on the Moodle and extracted the meaningful and representative themes from the students’ written texts to demonstrate development in their understanding of TBLT. Based on the results, the study suggests that online teacher education should use technology to provide teachers with opportunities for reflecton, collaborative discussion and knowledge construction. Copyright © 2021 香港教育大學中國語言學系、哥倫比亞大學中文部、中華書局（香港）有限公司.

Under the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, students were forced to switch from face-to-face to online learning. This study reports the experience of Hong Kong students in higher education concerning the challenges they faced, the strategies they used and the support they needed in their online learning during the period. An online questionnaire was used to invite students to answer open-ended questions about these three aspects. 145 students from two higher education institutions completed the questionnaire and their comments were coded using thematic analysis. The study has discovered that socio-economic factors may have presented difficulties to students' online learning concerning their study environment and access to equipment. Students were emotionally distressed by online learning, particularly by the quality of feedback and clarity of course arrangement, so support for these aspects should be given. Self-regulated learning strategies were found to have been deployed by students to facilitate their learning, in which the use of time management apps and lecture videos highlights the increasing importance of technology to self study. These socio-economic, technological and emotional factors will be further discussed and corresponding suggestions will be made to help teachers and university policy makers examine the conditions that can help improve and promote online learning for higher education students under COVID-19. Copyright ©2021 Springer.

Beginning teaching is challenging during normal circumstances. Yet, in the summer of 2020, the newly qualified teachers (NQTs) from initial teacher education (ITE) programmes in Hong Kong, as well as many other global contexts, entered schools that were severely disrupted by COVID-19. This qualitative study, through the use of a qualitative online survey, explored the sense of preparedness and first-semester experiences of one cohort of NQTs who graduated from an ITE programme in Hong Kong in the summer of 2020. Findings suggest that the disruptions to their programme and teaching role fundamentally affected their sense of preparedness and defined their first-year experience. Specifically, the NQTs did not feel practically or psychologically prepared to teach online using digital technologies. However, some NQTs reported positive school-based practices that aided their transition. Based on the study's findings, professional digital competence beginning teachers require for online teaching environments, as well as recommendations for ways ITE programmes can help develop this competence, are provided. Copyright ©2021 Routledge.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive school closures worldwide and many schools were forced to adopt online teaching mode. Purpose: This survey study aims to examine the effectiveness of online teaching in physical education (PE) and support needed from the teachers’ perspective. Methods: Responses from 294 frontline PE teachers were collected via an online survey between 4 and 29 January 2021. Results: Four major findings were highlighted in our study. First, most teachers reported that online PE lessons were not effective to improve motor skill acquisition and physical activity level, the major reasons for which were “lack of practical training”, “students’ lack of learning motivation/interest”, and “limited interpersonal interactions”. Second, most teachers encountered difficulties in online teaching, with major difficulties comprising “limited interpersonal interactions’ and “difficult to retain students’ learning motivation/interest”. Third, most teachers felt that online teaching was stressful due to the increased workload in preparation and safety concerns of the home-exercise programme. Fourth, many teachers suggested that schools or governments should provide online teaching kits, such as suggested online lesson plans or home activity recommendations, for their reference. Conclusions: In summary, the effectiveness of online teaching in PE during COVID-19 school closures was generally perceived to be low and difficult by the frontline PE teachers. Schools and governments should provide sufficient support, such as online teaching kits and concrete teaching guidelines, for PE teachers to develop creative and interactive online lessons, which will in turn benefit students in motor skill acquisition and physical activity level. Copyright © 2021 JPES.

To support young children's learning during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preschool educators in Hong Kong were required to teach with digital technologies. In this study, 1035 educators from 169 preschools reported their views and practices in an online survey, which we examined via multilevel mixed-response analysis and thematic analysis. More than half of the respondents (53%) expected future online teaching to continue, and only 11% of educators believed that parents would reject this form of delivery. Administrators and teaching assistants were more likely than teachers to expect online preschool teaching to continue in the future. In addition, respondents with existing online platform experience, who taught the upper levels of preschool, or incorporated specific teaching practices (eg, after the online lesson, they assessed children and assigned homework tasks), were more likely than others to expect online teaching in the future. Many of these respondents also reported (a) difficulty with engaging their children when online and (b) inadequate support from parents for learning activities, which reduced the respondents' perceived likelihood of future online teaching. Administrators and teaching assistants were more likely than teachers to believe that parents would accept online teaching in the future. Respondents who felt they had inadequate training to teach online, children in families with inadequate technical skills and parents who believed that online lessons harmed children's well-being, were less likely than others to believe that parents would accept online teaching in the future. These educators believed that online learning communities could connect parents and schools and foster interaction that could help align with educator's support for children's learning needs. Copyright © 2021 British Educational Research Association.