培養學生高層次閱讀能力，是當前閱讀教學的重要目標，對於小學四年級學生而言尤爲重要，因他們將從「學會閱讀」進入「從閱讀中學習」的階段。過往有不少閱讀策略教學研究，但較少研究聚焦於分析它對提升學生高層次閱讀能力的作用。本研究邀請六所香港本地小學參與研究，在四年級開展教學實驗，實驗班193人，控制班196人，總計389人。實驗班一年中學習六項閱讀策略，控制班無特別安排。對比閱讀前後測結果發現，實驗班成績較控制班進步顯著更大，說明閱讀策略教學可顯著地提升學生高層次閱讀能力。然而，研究也發現，實驗班學生只有在「選取語句」「聯繫經驗」「自提問題」三項策略的應用上有顯著改進。教師教學中出現的一些困難需採取措施加以克服，這凸顯閱讀策略教學成效的複雜性。研究結果可爲將來閱讀教學設計、教師專業發展提供參考。It has long been recognized an important target to develop primary students’ higher-level reading abilities, which is especially true for primary 4 students as they are experiencing the transition from “learn to read” to “read to learn”. Although a large abundant of research have been done on reading strategy, fewer research have focused on its effect on higher level ability. This study has invited six local primary schools to attend a quasi-experiment. Participants were a total of 389 primary 4 students from these schools. Among them, 193 students were classified to experimental classes for which a one-year long intervention of reading strategy instruction was provided, while the remaining 196 students were classified to controlled classes without special arrangement. The results showed that experimental students gained significant higher improvement in reading comprehension performance compared to their controlled counterparts, indicating the positive effect of reading strategy on developing students’ higher-level ability. However, it has also been found that only three out of six taught reading strategy were applied more frequently than before, i.e., selecting sentences, integrating prior experience and self-questioning. Besides, teachers’ concerns were also raised. These suggested the complexity in teaching reading strategy. Nevertheless, findings of this study could be referred to when planning lessons and designing teacher professional development programs in further study. Copyright © 2020 香港教育大學中國語言學系、哥倫比亞大學中文部、中華書局（香港）有限公司.

當前語文課程及教學研究都十分重視引導學生掌握閱讀策略，但對於小學低年級學生閱讀策略的學習對加強閱讀理解表現有否成效，卻依然存在爭議。針對這一問題，本研究在香港六所本地小學二年級實施了為期一年的閱讀策略教學准實驗。控制班136 人，實驗班148 人。研究表明，教學實驗後，實驗班學生的閱讀理解進步分顯著高於控制班；低水平的閱讀者在閱讀實驗中受益最大。調查問卷顯示，學生在教學實驗後在展示創意、想像畫面兩項策略的應用頻次上有顯著提升。本研究也討論了研究結果對閱讀教學的一些啟發。The current Chinese curriculum and teaching research attach great importance to master reading strategies, but the effects of learning reading strategies among lower graders are still controversial. In response to this research gap, this study implemented a one-year quasi-experiment by teaching P2 students reading strategies among six local primary schools in Hong Kong. There were 136 pupils in the controlled class and 148 in the experimental class. This study demonstrated that after the teaching experiment, students in experimental class had a significant improvement in reading comprehension than that of the controlled class; low level readers benefitted the most from the teaching experiment. Results collected from the questionnaire indicated that students have significantly improved the use of the two strategies (i.e., demonstrating creativity and imaging) when reading independently after teaching experiment. Implications on reading instruction derived from the results were discussed as well. Copyright © 2019 香港教育大學.

本文首先分析中小學教育實踐中人們混淆常模參照與目標參照兩種測試的原因，進而提出一些實施目標參照測試的方法，如設計參照標準，合理地命題、評分、解釋分數等，從而使校內測試更好地促進學生全面地、積極地、創造性地學習。
This paper begins with analyzing the reason why Criteria-referenced and Norm-referenced tests are often misunderstood and misused in schools. It then goes on to suggest some methods in implementing the school-based Criteria-referenced tests, including setting up standards for assessing academic achievement, designing test questions and interpreting test's results. In so doing, we aim to improve the quality of school-based tests in order to engage students in a more active and creative way of learning.
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

背景﹕為了更好地適應未來社會﹐學生必須具備批判性思考、創意性思考等高層級思維能力，相應地﹐現今中小學課程也已十分重視培養這些與評價有關的能力。為此﹐閱讀測試要準確地評估､發展學生的評鑒能力。
目的﹕討論如何編制試題﹐以評估學生的現代文閱讀評鑒能力﹐為教師在中文評估領域的專業發展提供參考。
方法﹕以閱讀、寫作理論、現行課程標準為基礎，分析2002-05 年中國內地、香港、新加坡各17份合計51 份中學實際使用的中文試卷。
主要結果﹕發展了中學現代文閱讀評鑒題的評核內容框架，設計了評鑒題型體系，指出了評鑒題的編制策略。初步發現三地評鑒題的區別。
總結﹕三地評鑒題的內容測試焦點不同﹐可相互參考。為了更好地評核評鑒能力﹐編制評鑒題要選取更廣泛的內容﹐採用多種題型﹐採取相應的編題策略。
Background: Students need to be equipped with higher thinking skills such as critical and creative thinking skills that are related to their evaluation ability in order to better prepare them for the future society. The current reading curricula worldwide emphasize on the enhancement of evaluation ability of students in schools. Accordingly, the comprehension tests should reflect these changes so as to improve teaching and learning.
Aim: This research aims to probe on how to set questions to better assess students' ability to evaluate / appreciate the thoughts, literacy structures and language etc. in comprehension tests of Chinese language as first language.
Method: The author sampled 51 comprehension tests from secondary schools in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Singapore, and did a comprehensive content analysis based on multiple perspectives of theories on reading, writing, and the Chinese language curriculum development.
Results: A framework of contents to be tested has been structured; A few types of questions have been designed. In addition, some strategies for setting questions to assess students' evaluation ability in comprehension tests have also been discussed. The essential differences among the test papers in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Singapore have been described.
Conclusion: There are a few key different focuses in assessing student's evaluation ability in the comprehension tests in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The author then concluded that, to ensure the assessing evaluation ability effectively, the scale of contents for testing should be broadened

作者認為，現行的寫作教學與測驗多從文章學的角度出發，以文體為主線展開「語言」、「結構」、「內容」的教學與評定，而缺少傳意寫作的教學和評定方法。作者乃探討小學六年級學生能否寫傳意類寫作和考察傳意寫作的信度、效度及鑑別度。結果發現：傳意寫作是可以加入小學的課程中，而傳意評核標準也是十分可靠的。（何文勝整理）