One of the primary objectives of English language learning is to facilitate communication among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, making the integration of cultural knowledge a crucial component of English curricula worldwide. This paper presents the findings of a comparative study that examined the incorporation of cultural elements in two series of English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks published by Oxford University Press for two Chinese societies—Hong Kong and Shanghai—each with distinct historical contexts. Utilizing Moran’s 4P framework, the study aimed to compare the representation of local and other cultures, as well as the opportunities provided for learners to develop intercultural communicative competence. The results indicated a relatively balanced distribution of local and other cultures, though with a noticeable emphasis on American and British cultures. Additionally, the representation of cultural aspects was uneven, with “products” being the most frequently described and “perspectives” the least. This tendency to present cultural information as a fixed body of knowledge does not effectively foster intercultural communicative competence. The paper further explores how the differences between the two textbook series reflect the prevailing political and social ideologies within their respective local contexts. Copyright © 2024 AsiaTEFL All rights reserved.

The present study explored the use of digital tools by English language schoolteachers in Hong Kong. Using a qualitative-dominant sequential mixed-methods design, wherein an online mixed-methods survey of primary and secondary school English language teachers (N = 83) and follow-up in-depth interviews (N = 22) were employed, this study collectively explored which digital tools the participants used, why the participants used these tools, and how the participants used them. Fourteen categories of tools utilized by teachers in their professional practice were identified. These were further categorized into core, additional, and remote digital tools based on their mode and frequency of use. Affordances of the core digital tools for language teaching were identified, with examples of teachers’ pedagogical uses of the tools presented. By providing an overview of digital tool use, teachers, school leadership, and professional development providers can better understand how teachers should be prepared for the digital realities of schools. In addition, this study provides a model for understanding the context and subject-specific bidirectional relationship between tools, their affordances, and teachers’ professional tasks. © 2023 by the authors.

The article focuses on teacher-based materials development, which encourages teachers to create their own materials to align with the needs of their students. Topics include a case study in which a teacher in Hong Kong created a learning unit for her English as a Second Language (ESL) class, aimed at developing critical thinking, creativity, and cultural awareness; and the purposes of teacher-based materials design are to promote situational interest and affection in food culture. Copyright © 2023 Wiley-Blackwell.

With the increasing demand for communicatively competent citizens with global perspectives, culture learning has become an important component in the English language curricula in Hong Kong and mainland China in recent years. This paper will examine how culture is represented in two series of textbooks for junior secondary students in Hong Kong and Shanghai, both published by the same popular publisher. The study adopted Moran’s framework (persons, products, practices, perspectives and communities) and Kachru’s three concentric circles (inner circle, outer circle and expanding circle) to investigate how the authors managed the breadth and depth of cultural presentation. Unlike many previous studies which merely relied on manual analysis, this study combined both manual analysis and corpus linguistic tools to conduct a more comprehensive and objective study. The results show that the Hong Kong series outperformed the Shanghai series in terms of the breadth of the local and foreign cultures represented, as well as in terms of Moran’s cultural dimensions. Nevertheless, both series showed an imbalance in terms of Moran’s cultural aspects, with products (e.g., food, sightseeing places) being the most frequently depicted cultural element, and perspectives the least. This reveals a ‘tourist’s perspective’ and a lack of depth in cultural materials, which may not favour learners’ intercultural communicative competence development. Copyright © 2021 IAFOR.

Understanding the language demands made on students can help teachers provide pedagogical support during critical transition periods, in turn helping English learners make a smooth transition to the next stage in their education. Through multi-stratal analysis of English textbooks in Hong Kong, this paper elucidated the differences in language demands made of students in different grades, particularly in terms of scope and complexity of choices in register and lexico-grammar. The analysis revealed two critical transition periods: the move from primary to junior secondary school and from junior secondary to senior secondary school. Different linguistic demands during these two transition periods require additional pedagogical support. Furthermore, this paper found a close correlation between the registerial progression indicated by the analysed texts and the learning targets for grades in the mandated English language curriculum. The lexico-grammatical progression revealed contributes to understanding the meaning of more complex stressed in the mandated curriculum. Copyright ©2021 Elsevier.

This study sought to investigate the impact of world Englishes (WE) and English as a lingua franca (ELF) research on Hong Kong's ELT curricula and textbooks over the past four decades in three areas: (1) language standards, norms and models; (2) language and intercultural awareness; and (3) strategies for international communication. Based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the findings suggest that WE/ELF research has influenced Hong Kong's English language education mainly by accommodating to the changing role of English (from a colonial to international language) and the evolving language use contexts, but there has been little engagement with the pluricentric view of language varieties and variation. The paper offers suggestions to initiate changes that could better accommodate WE/ELF research in the gradual ELT development. Copyright ©Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

在當今經濟全球化背景之下,培養學生的文化意識和跨文化交際能力不僅僅是高中英語課程標準的要求,更是時代發展的要求。語言和文化密不可分,因此英語教學中不可將兩者分割。教材在英語教學中起著至關重要的作用,它不僅是學生主要的學習資料,也是教師主要的教學工具。教材所承載的文化內容及其編排、呈現形式影響著學生文化知識學習的效果和文化意識的培養。香港地區作為國際金融中心,其英語教育程度略高於內地,其教材的編寫對於我國內地教材的編寫有一定參考價值。本研究選取內地人教版New Senior English for China(NSEFC)和香港朗文版Longman Activate New Senior Secondary(LANSS)兩套高中英語教材作為比較的對象,以跨文化交際理論和文化圖式理論為理論基礎,運用文獻法、比較分析法、文本分析法,系統地比較了兩地高中英語教材中的文化內容。本研究主要包括以下內容:(1)從宏觀層面來比較兩地教材中文化內容的整體編排及呈現方式。(2)從微觀層面來比較兩地教材文化內容在地域來源、文化類型及文化時代性等方面的異同。研究發現:(1)整體編排及呈現方式方面,人教版缺乏整體聯繫性,且真實語料不足,呈現方式相對單一。朗文版具有一定的整體聯繫性,大部分文章取自真實語料,課文呈現方式豐富多變。(2)地域來源方面,人教版涉及世界諸多國家,但目的語文化內容佔比較大,本土文化內容不足,不利於培養學生平等的文化意識。朗文版文化內容以香港本土文化和目的語為主,缺乏其他國家地區的文化內容。(3)文化類型方面,兩地教材都存在涵蓋方面不夠全面的問題,缺乏對觀念文化更為深層次的解釋,僅僅停留在表面上的認知和鑒賞。(4)文化的時代性方面,人教版與朗文版相比缺乏當代文化內容,不利於學生文化知識結構的更新。最後,根據以上研究結論,筆者對教材編寫者和教師提出了相關建議,冀望能為高中英語教材文化內容的選擇和編排提供參考。

隨著國際交往的日益密切,英語成為重要的交流工具,各地也越來越關注英語教育。小學階段作為基礎教育的重要階段,是學生語言學習的黃金期。小學英語教材作為小學英語教育的重要媒介,不僅是學生獲取知識的主要來源,也是教師進行教育教學的重要依據。香港的英語教學一直走在亞洲前列,其特殊的歷史背景使香港教材在立足於本民族特點的基礎上吸收了西方許多成功的經驗。教材中的詞匯是構成英語語言的基礎,也是學習者語言學習的前提,對學生的英語學習具有重要意義。本文以詞匯選編為切入點,對香港朗文版小學英語教材進行研究,以期能夠發現該套教材的特色,為內地小學英語教材的編寫和使用提供借鑒,為小學英語教師進行詞匯教學提供參考,從而進一步提高內地的英語教學。本研究基於教育學、語言學、心理學等相關理論,運用文獻法、文本分析法等研究方法,從詞匯的數量與分佈、詞匯的選編分析兩個方面著手,對香港朗文小學英語教材的詞匯選編進行深入分析。研究發現,在詞匯的數量及分佈方面,該套教材的總詞匯量和重點詞匯量均多於內地《課程標準》的規定,其分佈總體上呈遞增趨勢。在詞匯的選編方面,筆者主要就該套教材的重點詞匯在類型、復現率、呈現方式、與語篇的相關性、拼讀設計、詞法等方面展開探討。在類型方面,該套教材的詞匯設置遵從學生的發展、類型廣泛、注重分類,並通過一系列的編排和活動合理轉化消極詞匯。在復現率方面,該套教材高復現率的詞匯絕大多數分佈較為合理,與日常生活緊密相關。在呈現方式方面,該套教材的附錄部分裝幀精致、紙質較好、頁面清爽、排版合理,主要通過圖片字典的方式呈現詞匯;課文主要通過圖片、立體圖片、海報、圖表、真實照片和物品、語篇、游戲等六大方式呈現詞匯,其呈現方式可視化、多樣化、立體化,並注重真實情境的創設。在與語篇的相關性方面,該套教材通過詞匯的重復、詞匯的關聯、詞匯的搭配等詞匯銜接手段以及語境促進語篇的連貫。在拼讀設計方面,該套教材加入Phonics元素,其拼讀詞匯與章節主題相互關聯,並根據學生的語言學習順序進行編排。在詞法方面,該套教材涉及名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等豐富的詞性及其用法,主要運用合成法和派生法構成新詞匯。該套教材的優勢與不足,對內地小學英語教材的編寫和教學有諸多啟示。對教材編寫者來說,應提高詞匯的復現率,科學分布詞匯;注重詞匯的分類,合理編排詞匯;多樣化呈現詞匯,促進可視化學習;合理標注注解,提高自學能力;展現更多貼近現實生活、體現時代性的詞匯;創設真實的情境,增強教材的可學性;重視自然拼讀,提升語音意識。同時,小學英語教師可以設計多樣化的教學活動,定期復習鞏固;渲染真實的語境,觸發學生主動投入;從“單詞”教學到“詞群”教學轉變;恰當地運用直觀教學法;建立適合學生實際情況的詞匯手冊等,提高詞匯教學能力,促進學生的詞匯學習。

The English language curricula in Hong Kong and mainland China place emphasis on ‘culture learning’. This study seeks to examine cultural depictions in two series of primary English language textbooks published in mainland China and Hong Kong. The study adopted Kachru’s three-circle model and Moran’s 4P framework (referring to products, practices, perspectives and persons) to investigate the breadth and depth of cultural presentation. The findings indicate that both series encompass content on the local culture as well as on foreign cultures. While the mainland textbooks focus on British culture in the inner circle through the cultural aspects of products and persons, insufficient attention is paid to other foreign cultures and the cultural aspect of perspectives. In contrast, Hong Kong textbooks include a wider range of foreign cultures and a more balanced presentation of various cultural aspects. However, both series contain mainly static and congratulatory cultural topics, and neglect the underlying value orientations. Copyright © 2019 Pedagogy, Culture & Society.