Curriculum innovation has been regarded as an essential strategy for educational reform throughout the era of educational change. Because of the changing nature of the knowledge age, students need to develop ways of dealing with complex issues and problems that require different kinds of skills and knowledge that they have ever learned. Given the advancement of information and communications technologies (ICT), a number of models of learning communities have been advocated in recent years. Realizing the impact of this new learning culture, six primary schools in Hong Kong participated in a curriculum innovation project, in which students were engaged in building learning communities and constructing knowledge through Knowledge Forum, a computer mediated communication platform. This paper reports the results of data analysis based on interviews of principals, teachers, and students to explore how the innovation initiated a change in learning culture as well as the leadership issues arising from the project implementation.
近年的教育改革當中，課程革新已成為推動改革的重要策略。由於工作和社會本質的改變，人們需要發展不同種類的知識去解決複雜的問題，所需的知識可能是他們未曾接觸過的。隨著資訊及通訊科技的發展，近年提倡了不少學習社群的學術模型建議。六所香港的小學在體會到這種新的學習文化的影響，參加一項課程革新計劃，其中學生利用知識論壇(一種電腦仲介傳播的工具)從事知識建構和建立學習社群。這研究報告根據校長、教師和學生的訪談分析，探索課程革新如何推動學習文化的改變以及推行當中的領導問題。
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

背景：我校向以「全人教育」為宗旨，希望培育學生成長和為他們未來的事業作好準備。為貫徹此宗旨及配合教育改革的推行，除了一貫的課堂教育外，我校亦認同經驗教育的重要性。因此，我校以「走出普通課堂的多元化活動學習體驗周」為口號，舉行「活動周體驗計畫」，邀請全體同學根據自己的興趣及能力參加不同的活動。
目的：此文章將討論舉行此類全校性活動應注意的事項，及老師如何與學生一起學習。
調查對象：由於只有我校舉行此「活動周體驗計畫」，所有資料由德信中學提供。
調查方法：此文章是透過個人經驗、專業討論及有關的政府刊物的資料，集合而成的。
調查結果：此文章提供了一系列的指引，讓有志舉辦同類型全校性活動的老師及學校，可以作一個參考。在舉辦類似活動時，應以學校辦學使命為原則，以學生得益及安全為大前提，在得到學校各持分者支持，才大力推動；否則，祇會勞民傷財。
總結：「活動周體驗計畫」是我校「全人教育」內的一個有計畫的主要活動，全體同學會按照自己的興趣及能力參加不同的活動。因此，一個詳盡的計畫便是帶領其成功的一項重要因素。此文章正提供了一系列的指引讓老師，製作其活動，「為孩子創造出更好更闊的學習空間」。
Background: Whole person education for our students is the mission of our school. We help them to develop their personal characters and to prepare for their own career paths. To fulfill the above challenging mission and the recent educational reform, apart form the normal classroom teaching, the School recognizes the importance and value of experiential or activity based education. Hence, we introduced the Activity Week Experience (AWE) Programme to provide our students a week of diversified learning experiences out of the ordinary classroom! All students are invited to join different organized programmes based on our own interest and abilities.
Aims: This paper is going to discuss the main concerns on organizing such a school-wide experiential learning activity and how our teachers also learn together with our students.
Sample: The programme has only been conducted in our school. Tak Sun Secondary School is the only information source.
Method: Personal experience, professional discussion and reference to the relevant Government documents were used in drafting the paper.
Results: A series of guidelines were suggested as reminders for the teachers and the school if they would like to produce similar school-wide activities. To start a similar school-wide activity, the school should put the school mission and the safety of the students as the first priority. Then, with the strong support from different school stakeholders,

背景：香港特別行政區政府在2002-2003 學年起，分階段在香港小學設置課程統籌主任一職。在設置職位時，亦很重視任職人士的專業發展，先後以短期課程、工作坊、學校交流日和發展日協助其發展。
討論焦點：本文從四個研究的成果，說明課程統籌主任的培訓課程仍有其不足，並加以分析和建議。
論點：特區政府深明課程改革的成敗與教師專業發展有密切的關係。然而，以小學課程統籌主任的專業發展來看，其模式和內容仍與現實需要有些距離。提供清晰的改革方向、在現實情景中提供專業發展機會、以夥伴合作模式和照顧施行者的感受，都必須加以留意。
總結：專業發展課程設計若未能照顧前線教師的需要，則不單無助教師改革課程，反而只會增加教師的負擔。
Background: Since the academic year 2002-2003, HKSAR government established the curriculum masters (PSM(CD)) post in primary schools through three stages. By organizing short courses, workshops, school sharing and development day, professional development was provided to these masters showing the concern of government towards this establishment.
Focal point: From four pieces of empirical reseach, this paper showed the deficit of the professional development program and reflected on responses of participants.
Discussion: Though HKSAR government emphasized the importance of professional development of these curriculum masters, the content and mode of professional development program are falling short from teachers' needs. It is suggested that providing clear reform directions, supporting professional development in real situation, utilizing collaborative mode and concerning teachers' feeling should be awared when design a program.
Conclusion: If professional development program is not designed for the needs of participants, it will not help teachers in curriculum reform but increase their burden.
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

隨著後現代主義和資訊科技對全球的影響，香港的教育需要對應未來社會及個人的需要，而現行的小學課程存在一定的改革空間，課程發展議會 (2001)就未來十年香港學校課程發展的方向和策略，建議發展校本課程及跨領域學習以配合課改。香港小學課程統整並不是新生事物，推行課程統整將要面對的困難和挑戰實在不少，其中以「教師」、「學校」和「教育整體」的因素尤為關鍵。
From the perspective of postmodernism and advances in information andcommunication technology, education in Hong Kong needs to cater for the future of the society as well as the individuals; and there are potential capacities for the reform of currentprimary school curriculum. The Curriculum Development Council (2001) announces the approaches and strategies for curriculum reform in the coming ten years by encouraging school based curriculum development as well as integrated learning. Curriculum integration is not a 'new' issue. There are many challenges and obstacles for the implementation; and the critical factors are in relation to 'Teacher', 'School' and 'Education System'.
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

在香港，學生的個別差異己是日益嚴重的教育問題，近期的課程改革正積極鼓勵學校運用課程調適的策略來解決這個問題；因此，有很多學校尤其是小學都嘗試用調適課程的方式來幫助個別差異的學生學習。由於負責調適課程的是教師，他們對以課程調適來照顧個別差異學生的觀念，足以影響學校實施課程調適的效能。透過與教師的面談，本研究試圖瞭解教師對以課程調適幫助個別差異學生學習所持著的觀點，從而提醒有心從事學校改革的校長，必先理解教師參與課程改革的心態，然後採取有效的改革策略，才能促使學校達致校本課程改革的願景。
The problem of students' individual differences has been getting worse in Hong Kong. In recent curriculum reform, schools have been encouraged to use curriculum adaptation as the strategy to deal with this problem. Thus many schools particularly primary schools have made attempts to adapt their curriculum to cater for their students' individual differences. As teachers are the ones who adapt the school curriculum, their views on using this strategy to cater for individual differences would have direct impact on the effect of curriculum implementation in schools. Through interviewing primary teachers, this study aims to understand teachers' perceptions of using curriculum adaptation as the strategy to cater for students' individual differences. The main purpose is to remind those principals and educators who would like to implement curriculum innovations including curriculum adaptation in schools, to pay special attention to teachers' views and attitudes towards the innovations and the need of identifying appropriate implementation strategies in their initiation of school-based innovative initiatives.
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

本研究的目的是透過設計及實踐資訊科技教育活動，了解其教育功能。本個案研究為期一年，共有十位教師及七十五名學生參與。研究成果是三個應用資訊科技主題活動，他們是：(1)製作數碼圖書，(2)製作數碼活動記錄冊，(3)製作數碼短片分享行為表現。研究結果顯示資訊科技創造屬實的學習機會，提供豐富的教學功能及扮演授權賦能的角色。
The aim of the case study is to design thematic learning activities for understanding and analyzing roles of IT for improving Learning & Teaching (L&T) of school education. This research involved 10 teachers and 75 learners in a one-year study. Three thematic activities were designed and implemented. They were: (1) digital book production, (2) digital activity record production, and (3) digital video clip production for sharing behavior of learners. Results of the study indicated that IT could play three roles in education. They are: (1) providing authentic learning opportunities, (2) enhancing teaching capability, and (3) empowering L&T activities.
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

In early childhood education (ECE), curriculum encompasses prevailing theories, approaches and models. Curriculum is planned appropriately based on the knowledge of theory and research about how children develop and learn, with special attention given to individual children's needs and interests in relation to program goals. In this paper, focusing on ECE, I discuss the underlying rationale, principles and meaning of developmentally appropriate curriculum (DAC) as developed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) in the United States in 1987. Drawing from relevant literature, I discuss issues of relevance, and application related to DAC with specific reference to ECE experience in Hong Kong.
幼兒教育課程包括了不少流行的理論、方法與模式。適切的課程是基於幼兒理論、研究與設計，而課程目標能照顧兒童的身心發展、學習、個別需要和興趣。本文旨在探討由國際幼兒教育協會(NAEYC)所倡議的發展適切幼兒課程之理念、原則和意義。作者探用相關文獻資料，引用香港之事地實例來討論發展適切課程的相關和應用。
[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]

本文檢視香港特區一九九七年後首十年香港的課程改革發展歷史，並從教育質素、學習機會、學習多元，以及課程是否變為中央化等多元視角，加以討論。分析結果首先肯定香港的教育質素有提升。再揭示間接或直接提供學生學習的平等機會是受到質疑，不過，香港的教育成效均等情況滿意。第三項的多元化課程發展方面，核心課程雖有收窄，但在選修科目和應用學習，以致學習的形式和方法，課程改革確是意圖給學生提供多樣的學習機遇。第四項的課程改革中央化問題上，香港是出現中央化－校本化的互動。最後，本文指出推動或實踐課改工作，要小心謹慎，要考慮承受能力。
The paper reports the curriculum reform developmental history in the Hong Kong Special Administration Region since 1997 until 2007 by the multi-perspectives of education quality, learning opportunity, learning diversity, and the centralization of curriculum reform. The paper reveals firstly affirmed Hong Kong's education quality has been improved. Secondly, it reveals a question of fair learning opportunity and the learning equality is satisfied in Hong Kong. Thirdly, for the curriculum development, it reveals the numbers of core curriculum have been limited, however, there are choices of elective subjects and apply learning as well as learning approaches and methods been introduced by the reform. The curriculum reform has the good intention in providing learning diversity and opportunity for our students.
Finally, the paper points out the curriculum reform initiation and implementation must be careful and consider theaffordability of the educators to change.
[Copyright of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre Journal is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre at http://www.edb.org.hk/hktc]

This paper seeks to present a framework for the school curriculum in the twenty-first century. It first describes and appraises critically the Tyler rationale, which has been influential for many decades. The rationale forms the basis of the school curriculum in many eastern and western countries. Next, the concept and features of modernism which underpin the rationale are described, leading to a discussion of its major strengths and weaknesses.
The paper goes on to present an alternative view of the curriculum - Doll's Model, which better meets the challenges of the fast changing world. The model, with its prominent nature of postmodernism, is discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are also analysed. The author also makes a comparison of the two models, explaining why the latter is preferable to the first in laying the foundation of school curriculum in the coming century.
In the concluding section, recent curriculum initiatives in Hong Kong are described. There is discussion on the merits and limitations of The Target Oriented Curriculum. Then the new curriculum framework and its features are described leading to discussion on the implications for the Hong Kong curriculum. It is stressed that key concepts of postmodernism need to be taken into consideration so that the quality of education can be improved.
[Copyright of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre Journal is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre at http://www.edb.org.hk/hktc]

幼兒教育素被視為終身學習與全人發展的一個重要基礎，它的重要性亦在香港的教育改革中被認定。為了確保幼稚園的課程質素，教育局等政府部門印製了不同的文件以供老師參考，這些課程文件反映出政府對幼稚園課程的期望在這些年來是一致的。本文分為兩個部分，並嘗試從三種廣義的課程觀去分析上述文件：第一部分是以經典的泰勒式課程觀去分析；第二部分是以施瓦布的實用性課程觀去討論。最後，我們將從批判的視角出發評論這些文件。
Early childhood education has long been recognised globally and locally as significant in laying the foundations for lifelong learning and all-round personal development. The same recognition is prominent in the education reform proposals of Hong Kong. To facilitate kindergarten teachers to design quality curricula, several government bodies issued curriculum related documents to serve teachers as guidelines. A study of these government-published materials reveals a degree of consistency among them in terms of what the government expects of the kindergarten curriculum, despite the fact that their publication spans the two decades 1984 to 2006. This paper, divided into two parts, attempts to analyse the aforementioned documents from three broad, multiple curriculum perspectives. The first part will cover the categories and questions inherent in a Tylerian perspective. The second part will cover the notion of Schwab's practical perspective and associated curricular "commonplaces" (teacher, student, subject matter and milieus) (Reid, 2006), which address related pedagogical questions such as what, when, how, why, to whom, and by whom (Heydon & Wang, 2006). Finally, we shall offer some comments from critical perspectives.
[Copyright of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre Journal is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Centre at http://www.edb.org.hk/hktc]