世界上不少地方正在進行教育及課程改革，然而不少教育研判的結果卻告訴我們，絕少教育改革能真正對學生學習產生正面的影響；而能夠產生明顯作用的，都是那些直接涉及學習內容的改革。課堂學習研究就是針對學習內容為出發點，以變易學習理論為基礎，運用行動研究的模式，聚合教師、教育研究員的集體智慧，解決學生的學習困難，幫助每個學生學得更好。經過六年的探索、實踐及研究，香港已有超過100多所學校參與，並已發展了130多項課堂學習研究。在這過程中，課堂學習研究被發現不僅能幫助學生學得更好，更是一個成就教師發展、校本課程發展及學校改革的有效工具。本文除闡述課堂學習研究在香港的發展外，更探討其對教師發展、校本課程發展及學校改革的影響，以及其未來發展所要面對的挑戰。
[Copyright © 2005 上海電視大學.]

在過去數年，香港特區政府積極推行資訊科技教育，為提升學生及教師應用資訊科技的能力不遺餘力。不過，教師一般只利用電腦程式製作筆記及整理課堂資料，卻未能充份地運用資訊科技帶來的方便，有效地搜尋合適的教學資訊，令其課堂得以豐富之餘，亦協助提升個人的教學專業發展。「寰宇學校計劃」是一項國際性的研究項目，以互聯網及其他資訊科技的手段作為橋樑，打破地域限制，令各地教師可隨時隨地作世界性的學術交流，促進個人的教學專業發展，從而提高學生學習興趣。
[Copyright © 2004 優質學校教育學報.]

In the cognitive-psychological process in second language (L2) learning, explicit and implicit knowledge acquisition is always related to automatic and effortful processing. Based on the interlanguage hypothesis and error analysis, this study reviews learning experience of four English learners from China who currently live in Hong Kong. A focus group interview was organized with a convenience sample of four participants whose English proficiency levels distinctively vary. Content analysis was conducted on the verbatim transcripts, and reveals the nature of the participants’ second language input, the types of learning strategies they have employed, the state of their interlanguages, and the types of errors they make. In addition, a piece of written work was analysed to identify errors the participants made. Attempting to advance into the terrain of second language acquisition (SLA) theories, this study answers some specific questions with self-reported information and theoretical exploration. Despite little ground for scientific generalization considering the nature of this multiple case study, it displays to the readers some theoretical insights in terms of English as a Second Language (ESL) Chinese learners studying in Hong Kong. The recommendation is that, instruments like the grammaticality judgement task be employed to catch more information about the nature of learners’ interlanguages. Combined with corpus analysis and computer-aided error analysis, it will add to the body of SLA literature more insightful findings.

“用普通話教中文”（普教中）是香港近年基礎教育的中國語文教學新趨勢，課堂的教學媒介語由廣州話（普遍香港人的母語）轉為普通話。“普教中”既構成了多方面的困境，也出現了教與學發展的契機。各方先導者積極開發的“普教中”元素，由實證行動而來的經驗總結，可提供予開始了或仍未開始“普教中”的學校和教師參照和啟示。 “促進評估的學習”是 20 世紀 80 年代以後基礎教育改革的世界性取向，在教學實踐中，課堂上的提問回饋是一個重要且有效促進學生學習的評估策略。本研究通過觀察及分析經驗教師同時任教同一級“用普通話教中文”及“用廣州話教中文”兩班學生的課堂實踐，比較分析教師在“普教中”和“廣教中”不同教學媒介語的影響下，語文課堂提問中回饋策略的異同，以檢視及提煉“普教中”的有效提問回饋策略。

科技日新月異的今天，電子學習已經成為不少國家地區的重要教學工具。香港在世紀之 交推動課程改革，課程發展議會《學會學習－課程發展路向》（2001）報告書中，建議在各學習領域及跨學習領域，推行四個關鍵項目，其中一項就是「運用資訊科技進行互動學習」，以幫助學生發展獨立學習的能力。新世紀語文教學除了強調聽說讀寫能力的發展，也重視學生文化認知、素養的形成。是次研究以香港一個師訓課程的實驗為例，探討語文教師如何透過電子學習發展文化學習。

This chapter reports a comparative study exploring the motivation to teach and the commitment to teaching among non-local student teachers from mainland China and their Hong Kong local counterparts. The findings indicate that with similar entry perspectives, the two groups develop different degrees of commitment to teaching after the first semester of the programme. While the mainland Chinese participants reassess the suitability of teaching in a culturally unfamiliar context and tend to think of transferring their knowledge to other careers, Hong Kong participants develop an interest in putting the theory into practice and become more committed to teaching. The reasons underlying the differences are explored.
[Copyright © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht]

In this chapter, I problematize a widespread belief that teachers in Asian contexts including Japan and China are well protected by a tradition that reveres teachers. Instead I contend that cultural traditions, together with educational reforms and sociocultural changes, can also undermine the teaching profession. To this end, I report on an inquiry that explored the social censure of teachers, especially language teachers in Hong Kong. In the inquiry, I took advantage of an Internet discussion concerning the ‘falling’ language standards, a widespread concern in the region. The analysis of the discussion revealed the high expectations that the public had of language teachers as well as the increasingly complex conditions for teachers’ professional practices due to ongoing educational reforms and cultural changes.
[Copyright © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht]

This chapter reports on a qualitative study that explored the discursive positioning of native-speaking English teachers (NETs) within schools in Hong Kong. It draws on insights from discourse theory to examine NETs self-positioning, as well as their positioning by other stakeholders, as part of a dynamic process of identity formation. The participants were eight teachers who were employed in both primary and secondary schools under the Hong Kong Governments Native English Teacher Scheme. In-depth interviews with each of the participants were used to understand how the teachers discursively positioned themselves, as well as how they believed they were positioned by others, within their schools. The findings suggest that the NETs self-positioning as ‘professional language teachers’ was challenged by other stakeholders who questioned the value of their teaching experience and practices within the context of English language classrooms in Hong Kong. The chapter explores how NETs attempted to negotiate the antagonism between different positionings. Implications for attracting and retaining NETs, as well as for future research, are also discussed.
[Copyright © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht]

A teacher shortage in Hong Kong in core subjects, such as English, has led to interest in the recruitment and retention of teachers. In Chap. 6, it was argued that recruiting large numbers of non-local students to undergraduate teacher education programs does not necessarily offer a reliable solution to this difficulty and suggests the need to explore alternative routes through which teachers may be recruited. This chapter considers one such alternative, namely the role second career teachers could play in meeting possible teacher shortages in multilingual contexts such as Hong Kong. The chapter draws upon Wenger’s (Communities of practice. Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998) theory of identity formation and using data from interviews with eight second-career English language teachers in Hong Kong, this chapter explores how second-career teachers may be better supported in their professional development. The study found that second-career teachers’ skills and experiences were not valued within their schools and that this was reflected in a rigid division the participants drew between the institutionally endorsed identity positions made available to them and the type of teachers they wanted to be. In response to this antagonism, second-career teachers used their position of non-participation to establish identity territories that connected aspects of their first-career identities such as engineers and managers to their emerging teacher identities. It is suggested that non-participation, a potentially negative experience in Wenger’s (Communities of practice. Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998) framework, was deployed by this group of teachers to create the space they needed to enact their own preferred teacher identities. Implications for attracting and retaining second-career teachers are discussed.
[Copyright © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht]

Short term international experience programmes are a common element of English second language (ESL) teacher education in many countries. This chapter problematizes the belief that such programmes necessarily result in beneficial changes in preservice teachers thinking about themselves as teachers – their beliefs, habits, and values – by exploring the experiences of eight preservice ESL teachers from Hong Kong as they undertook a short term international experience programme in Australia. Drawing on a theory of identity construction, the findings suggest that identity conflicts impacted how the student teachers experienced this programme as they struggled to reconcile past, present, and future trajectories of teacher identity. In particular, the student teachers constructed rigid divisions between different types of teachers and teaching they experienced at home and abroad. These divisions were reflected in antagonistic relations between the types of English language teachers and teaching they aligned their own teaching activities and practices with and the teacher identities that they perceived to be available to them within the Hong Kong education system. Implications for addressing such identity conflicts throughout international experience programmes are considered and implications for future research are discussed.
[Copyright © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht]