Seeking to address a gap in the literature, this article reports the development of an instrument to measure Hong Kong primary school music teachers' concerns about inclusive music education. To do so, a 25-item music teachers' Concern of Inclusive Music Teaching (CIMT) scale was constructed and administered to 317 primary schools music teachers in Hong Kong, data from whom indicate that the CIMT scale comprises six concern factors ? 'learning support', 'learning difficulties', 'learning needs', 'resource', 'training' and 'curriculum design and assessment'. Although these data results do not support either Parsons and Fuller's (1974) three-factor model or hierarchical three-factor-related model, they do support a discrepancy noted elsewhere (Kazelskis and Reeves 1987; Schipull, Reeves, and Kazelskis 1995; Boz 2008; Borich 2013) that may reflect the impact of teaching context.
[Copyright of Music Education Research is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2015.1049259]

The objective of the study is to investigate various factors affecting the effectiveness of a music program at secondary school in Hong Kong. Two secondary schools are involved in the investigation. The principals, the music teachers, and the students are being interviewed separately with different sets of questions. In-depth questions concerning the rationale are being considered. The data collected are analyzed and findings of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of a music program include the leadership of the principal, the vision and involvement of the music teacher, as well as the management skill of both the principal and music teacher involved in complicated situations. It is, therefore, concluded that education of the principal and music teacher, which forms the two key factors effecting the effectiveness of a music program, should include also studies in management and leadership courses in addition to their own professional training. Furthermore, team work, availability of extra facilities, collaboration among colleagues of different subject areas, and many other interrelated elements are also essential factors for a successful music program.

Music curriculum reform in Hong Kong has been formally implemented since September 2006. Under such circumstances music teachers are to develop their school-based music curricula with regard to their specific teaching contexts. Generic skills are positive attitude and value should be developed by all Key Learning Areas including Arts and Music. This study expands on recent case study research which found four attributes of teacher quality in music teaching at a secondary school in Hong Kong (Leung & Wong, 2005). It aims to examine how music teachers in different types of Hong Kong schools implemented curriculum reform from September 2006. It focuses on the attributes of good practice in music teaching and learning in secondary schools, particularly the relationships between contextual factors, teacher quality, teaching strategies and learning outcomes. Three samples of different kinds of schools, namely, government schools, aided schools and direct-subsidy schools were invited to participate in this multiple-case study in which classroom observation and semi-structured interviews with teachers and students were conducted. Different contexts, teacher and student characteristics and their interrelationship are to be analyzed. The findings of this study will contribute to the quality of music education by revealing successful approaches to the design and implementation of school-based music curriculum, the attributes of teacher quality and student responses to learning under the reform changes.

Creative dance is one type of art forms, which is an international language for young children’s expression and exploration in their experienced world. However, creative dance has not been accepted in the Hong Kong official curriculum Guide to the Pre-primary Curriculum (The Curriculum Development Council, 2006). It is recommended that appropriate time allocation for half-day and full-day music activities are 45-60 and 60-105 mins respectively; only for Physical Fitness / Music / Arts activities. In fact, creative dance is the integral curriculum to enhance young children’s holistic development. The aims of this paper are three-fold. First, it examines the constraints on the development of preschool creative dance in Hong Kong. Secondly, it introduces an innovative Creative Dance Framework for early childhood curriculum in aesthetic education. Thirdly, it recommends the possible strategies on the development of creative dance in Hong Kong. The five major constraints include: Curriculum Guide, School Curriculum Policy, Curriculum and Resources, Professional Support, Teacher Education.

Moral education receives much attention in higher education and teacher education around the world. To nurture university students' (including pre-service teachers') moral values and moral awareness is one of the aims of higher education in Europe, America, mainland China and Hong Kong. However, their perceptions of learning moral education and the accompanying curriculum development are at present under-researched. This paper reports on a study aimed at exploring: (i) what are the university students' (and pre-service teachers') perceptions of the learning of moral and values education?; and (ii) how do they learn moral and values education in a curriculum and pedagogy course? This case study took place in an undergraduate class in Hong Kong. It adopted multiple methods to collect data and the results showed that the experience of values education curriculum planning enhanced the university students' learning of moral education. They learnt moral education through traditional and innovative ways, involving (i) discussion/sharing in moral dilemmas and circle time (as university students), and (ii) the related curriculum planning and teaching (as pre-service teachers). With reference to the study, this paper supplements the understanding of the curriculum development and learning of moral and values education in higher education in Hong Kong.