This project evolved from the efforts of foreign lecturing staff at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. It was found when they first started teaching pre-service teacher education courses, that the language of instruction, although English, was not universally known at a sufficient competence level that all students could understand what was being discussed. The combination of large class size and differential culture expectations, found the lecturing staff themselves in a dilemma of how best to communicate effectively with their students. The following research objectives had to be addressed: 1. Increase collaborative Learning through quality learning teams; 2. To enhance academic outcomes of individual members of the quality learning team; 3. To inculcate a constructivism culture within the quality learning teams; 4. To enhance both learning and instruction strategies; 5. To encourage and increase motivation of both the quality learning team and each of its individual members; 6. To increase student achievement and create a positive student attitude of quality learning teams and their individual members; The formulation of a strategy whereby small groups (maximum of 5 students) took an independent assignment, worked as a "Quality Learning Team", reported back to the class and then with a combination of jigsaw and team presentation styles, a very satisfied, if somewhat initially frightened, group of students emerged. The departure from hand feeding, which was firmly put to one side, resulted in a more independent reflective individual. Team leaders were quickly established, friendships firmly made, trust in ones peers established, relaxed interdependency accepted as the norm, respect of ones peers accepted, leading to the emergence of highly motivated 'Teams' and individuals. The eventual consequence was all of these changed strategies created extremely motivated students for the most part and for those students whose learning style was not suited to this sharing

According to Newmann (1992), Wehlage et al (1989), and Finn (1989), engagement in the milieu of academic and social aspects in schools can be influential in helping students with learning and behavioral problems to overcome their sense of academic failure, alienation and their decision to drop out. Educational and social engagement both call for some essential teacher qualities and characteristics and school reform practices. This is a study of 21 dropouts' reasons of dropping out and their perceptions of suitable schooling for them. In their perceived aspects of ideal schooling, some desirable teacher characteristics and efficacies of pedagogical, cultural, personal and interactional (teacher-student) nature are identified. Personal teacher traits identified include mutual respect, equity, and care. Teacher-student interactional characteristics include accommodation of students' standards and personal needs and problems, acting as the mediator between students and the school and more open to student participation in decision-making as well as mindful of the feeling of social engagement of students to their classmates, teachers and the school. In the realms of pedagogy and curricular knowledge, a successful teacher with at-risk students should teach authentic content and employ various stimulating and success-building teaching strategies. Comparisons with the research findings in the west will be made to highlight the similarities and differences between different contexts (Crowley, 1993; Miller et al., 1988; Wehlage et al 1989; Australian Curriculum Studies Association, 1997; Peterson et al, 1991; Baron et al., 1992). Implications of the findings to the teacher education and school reforms are also discussed.
[Copyright © 2000 The Hong Kong Institute of Education.]

Life history is regarded as a significant source of information for the comprehension of teacher development and identity. This study examines the biography of a migrant teacher from China to Hong Kong. The narrative biographical study explores how the subjective reality and the historical factors mingle with the evolving background of the teacher’s professional life. Major sources of influence include communist education, family education, suffering in political upheavals and early teacher professional experience. The problems she encountered in the local schools after migrating were found attributing to the incompatible practices and cognition acquired in China. This study provides evidence of how teachers develop on the basis of their biography. Practical insights for teacher education and in-service teacher training can be drawn from this study.

Towards the 21st Century, the educational environment is changing at a very rapid rate and the roles and responsibilities of teachers are becoming more complex and demanding in most parts of the world. As teachers are the key actor for education quality and school effectiveness, there is an urgent need to understand the complex nature of teacher performance and develop the necessary teacher education and development programs for them. This paper aims to report the development of a multi-dimensional framework of teacher performance and draw implications for restructuring teacher education. Traditionally, studies on teacher performance and effectiveness focused mainly on the instructional behaviors of teachers, particular at the classroom level. This simplistic conception has limitations and the findings of these studies often cannot provide comprehensive implications for improving teacher education for the new century. Based on the results of an empirical study involving 789 teachers in 99 work groups of 46 primary schools in Hong Kong, this paper developed a five-dimensional framework of teacher performance, including technical performance, human performance, political performance, cultural performance, and renewal performance. - Technical performance refers to teachers' performance in planning and organizing curricular materials, classroom management, delivering instructions and presenting materials. - Human performance refers to teachers' performance in developing human relationships, providing social supports and attending students' motivation at classroom level. - Political performance refers to teachers' performance in using social power, resolving and managing conflicts in classroom. - Cultural performance refers to teacher's performance in developing shared goals for students, transforming students' values and norms to support active learning and collaboration in classrooms. - Renewal performance refers to teacher's performance in self-learning, reflection, and

Stress is an inseparable part of teacher development (Fimian and Blanton, 1986; Kelly and Berthelsen, 1995). The present study tries to look at late entrants' stress experiences when undertaking teacher training programme in the Hong Kong Institute of Education. The research focuses on the strategies adopted by late entrants to cope with stress during teaching practice. The subjects of the study were formerly professionals in industries but were attracted to enroll in teaching training course. It is a small scale empirical study using stress log (Gmelch, 1993), recordings of group sharing meetings and interviews to investigate into the ways student teachers deal with stress. Qualitative research procedures were employed for data analysis. Various strategies were adopted by the student teachers. It is found that these subjects used both generic and idiosyncratic strategies to cope with stress. They also showed some interesting perception on handling difficult situations in the classroom. Useful implications are found for assisting student teachers in coping with stress.