學習語文知識、形成語文能力是語文教育的重要內容,而教科書是教育的重要媒介。助讀系統是語文教科書的重要組成部分,對學生學習知識和提高能力發揮著重要的作用。基於此,本文選取了香港特區的文思版初中階段語文教科書的助讀系統作為研究對象。本文首先明確助讀系統的概念,在此基礎上研究香港文思版初中語文教科書中助讀系統主要包括哪幾個方面。然後進行了比較研究,將這一版本的語文教科書助讀系統與大陸使用比較廣泛的三套語文教科書的助讀系統進行對比,從而總結香港特區與大陸地區的語文教科書當中助讀系統的異同。比較的目的在於說明香港文思版語文教科書的助讀系統有哪些優勢,可以為大陸語文教科書的助讀系統提供一定的參考,同時也有一些不足之處,應該加以改進。研究發現,在文思版的語文教科書當中,助讀系統主要包括三個類別:提示語類、注釋類和資料類。當中的提示語類別主要有編者語、單元的提示語和單位課文的提示語,注釋類指的是課下注釋,資料類主要是附錄部分,位於教科書的最後。其中,附錄的內容主要是針對教科書內容以及學生的實際需要所提出的問題,在對教科書整體結構和內容進行梳理的同時又能幫助學生認識自我,加強反思,是對學生提高語文能力的間接指引。由於這一部分對學生知識的學習和能力的提高發揮著一定的指引作用,因此,筆者在研究的過程中把它也列為了助讀系統的一部分。另外,通過對比分析發現,香港文思版助讀系統的優勢在於一方面對能力的培養更加注重,另一方面助讀系統更具有針對性,目標更加明確。同時,文思版的助讀系統也存在一些不足之處,比如缺少插圖部分等。總之,筆者希望通過本文的研究,明確助讀系統的內容,總結香港特區語文教科書助讀系統的優勢,為大陸地區語文教科書的編寫提供一定的參考。同時,對助讀系統的不足之處加以改進。

提問與對話是教學中最常見的形式，而在藝術評賞教育的領域更有著主導性的地位。藝術教育學者早已提出不少評賞理論和評賞教學方法，但對於教師如何與學生對話和向他們發問，卻一直缺乏一套較為完整和有系統的方法。相比其他學科，例如：語文、數學、科學，有關藝術評賞教學中對話與提問的研究相當貧乏。本文探討六個常見的藝術評賞教學理論和策略，然後提出四個藝術評賞教育的主要目的，並倡議一套與之相配及適用於教授視覺藝術的對話及提問框架。為了在應用層面進一步完善和建構本框架，七位香港小學教師及其學生受邀進行教學試驗。觀察有關教學試驗後，本文歸納出六項教學建議，以協助教育工作者應用本框架於藝術評賞教學。Questioning and dialogue are the most common way of teaching, and they are an essential element in the field of art criticism education. Previous scholarship had proposed various theories and teaching methods on art criticism education, but there is a lack of a holistic and systematic way for guiding teachers to question and have dialogue with students. The number of studies on questioning and dialogue in learning Visual Arts is limited, comparing to studies in subjects such as Languages, Mathematics, and Sciences. This paper reviews six art criticism models or methods, identifies four major goals in art criticism education, and proposes a framework of questioning and dialogue for the learning and teaching of visual art at schools and museums. Seven primary school visual arts teachers were invited to practice the framework in their own schools and art museums and finally six suggestions were concluded for teachers' implementation. Copyright © 2019 藝術教育研究期刊顧問委員會 & Ainosco Press.

Limited research has examined STEM education in early childhood, or addressed how STEM is integrated into the curriculum in the kindergarten level. Teachers‟ conceptions of STEM appear to differ from the pedagogical theory. They may be aware of the basic subject concepts, but they lack the effective teaching approaches required to integrate the subject concepts into playful learning processes. Thus, it is important to investigate how teachers can design STEM activities that involve digital toys, in addition to the subject concepts, pedagogical approaches, and factors that affect teachers‟ pedagogical designs. The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the different types of STEM activities in a kindergarten in Hong Kong; 2) understand the perspectives of school management teams and teachers on implementing STEM activities, and 3) provide recommendations for STEM activities appropriate to kindergartens. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the writing development of Hong Kong kindergarten students over 12 months. They attended 18 kindergartens territory-wide and were followed from June 2002 to June 2003 for the collection of three waves of teacher-rated data at six-month intervals.Design/methodology/approach: First, the construct validity of the translated and culturally adapted version of Morrow's (2012) checklist which assesses writing development was confirmed, considering that the students attended Hong Kong kindergartens who wrote in the Chinese language. The multilevel analysis, which employed corrected measures captured through Wolfe and Chiu's (1999a, 1999b) five-step Rasch scaling method for a common frame of reference, estimated the effects of the factors, namely, student age, gender, class level and schools.Findings: The children's progress over the second six months was also apparently much smaller than the first SIX months for this cohort. The dramatic slow-down in the second six-month period for both cohorts might be partly attributed to the peculiar arrangement of schooling at that time.Research limitations/implications: The recommendation from this study is that random sampling and student test scores on writing need to be taken for the identification of the general trend of young children's writing development in Hong Kong, as well as other Chinese communities alike.Originality/value: The profile of the student's emergent writing development at each six-month follow-up and over the 12 months was explored. Differences between the groups based on age, gender, class level and school in terms of student writing development on average were statistically significant. Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited.

This study aims to explore whether university co-curricular courses with embedded service-learning have an effect on students' interpersonal capability development, and how course quality relates to student outcomes. It used a mixed-methods approach comprising surveys and interviews. The survey data show that students' self-perceived relationship management skills improved in all cocurricular courses. Students' perception of their own awareness of others' experiences and feelings, however, was found to have worsened. Course quality was found to be a predictor of both aspects of interpersonal development, suggesting that closer alignment of courses with the recommended quality standards will make them more effective in promoting students' interpersonal capabilities. The qualitative data echo the quantitative findings and reveal that course characteristics, such as meaningful experience, diversity, student voice, and group work, are significant for developing students' interpersonal capabilities.本文旨在探討大學課程中設有服務學習的聯課課程能否促進學生的人際溝通能力，以及課程質素如何影響學習成果。本研究採用混合研究方法，即問卷調查和訪談。調研結果顯示學生自感在人際關係管理能力有所提升，但在察覺他人經驗和感受的能力下降。研究並顯示課程質素能夠預測以上兩項能力的發展，即課程愈能緊扣其質素標準要求，則效能愈高。質性研究也有相同的結果，展示課程的特徵如：有意義的經驗、多元化的體驗、學生的聲音、團隊工作，都是發展有關能力的要素。 Copyright © 2018 HKFYG.

Since 1989 the Hong Kong government has taken an active interest in environmental education. The Guidelines on Environmental Education in Schools was issued in 1992 and both government departments and non‐governmental environmental organisations made efforts to promote the implementation of this curriculum change. However, there has developed a gap between the rhetoric of the ‘Guidelines’ and actual practice. Environmental emphasis has been primarily subject based and institutional commitment to environmental education in schools has been unsatisfactory. There are needs for policy reforms, teacher education curriculum and environmental education curriculum reforms and improved curriculum strategies such as resource provision and in‐service education. Copyright © 1997 Carfax Publishing Ltd.

This article is based on an investigation of the implementation of environmental education in Hong Kong primary schools using a questionnaire survey and case studies. It will be divided into three parts: one focusing on the gap between rhetoric and practice in environmental education in the questionnaire results; one highlighting curriculum organisation of environmental education through case studies; and one discussing the nature and content of environmental education in these case-study schools. Copyright © 2000 Studies in Education Ltd.

This study examined the longitudinal associations of emotional regulation and school readiness among Chinese kindergarten children. Data were collected from 523 children (mean age at time 1 = 52.42 months; 52.9% male) at two time points separated by approximately 1 year in Hong Kong, China. At times 1 and 2, children's school readiness was assessed by their teachers and parents while their emotional regulation was directly tested. Teachers also rated children's emotional regulation at both time points. The results from the two reciprocal path models showed that, controlling for the corresponding autoregressive effects, school readiness at time 1 was predictive of emotional regulation at time 2. However, emotional regulation at time 1 did not emerge as a significant predictor of school readiness at time 2. Theoretically, these results underscored children's school readiness as a potential contributor to their emotional regulation. Practically, these findings suggested the utility of supporting children's school readiness to foster their emotional regulation. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

In Hong Kong, student interest and achievement in science have been declining in recent years. We thus aim to seek ways to improve our science education. This paper reports an attempt of using the flipped classroom approach together with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) to deliver a science unit ("electrical conductors and insulators"). This exploratory study was divided into two stages. In Stage 1, the teacher-researcher designed the science lessons using the NGSS and prepared flipped learning materials (e.g., pre-class videos, online exercises, class activities). In Stage 2, these lessons were implemented in a Hong Kong secondary school, involving a total of 32 ninth-graders from two classes. At the end of this study, two focus group interviews (five students each) were conducted to understand student perceptions of flipped science learning. Teacher reflections of the implementation were also collected and analyzed to reveal his experiences of flipping with the NGSS. Overall, the findings suggest that the students perceived flipped science learning positively because of the ability of self-paced learning, better class preparation, and more in-class interactions. From the teacher's point of view, however, the science curriculum in Hong Kong and the NGSS are different in terms of their focus and content. Time constraint and inadequate laboratory equipment in school also hindered the implementation of the NGSS in Hong Kong. We recommend further research be conducted to investigate how to adopt the NGSS in other topics of Hong Kong science education and examine its effects on student interest and achievement in the long run. Copyright © 2018 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).