教學上的鷹架是指教師或同儕搭建的支架，支持學生繼續發展的策略，目的是輔助學生有效地學習。當學生能自行學習時，鷹架便可以撤離。本文旨在通過香港一所小學的三節課堂記錄，分析鷹架對中文作為第二母語學習者的作用。研究方法有：課堂觀察及課堂錄像轉寫為文字稿分析。研究發現：師生能用目的語在課堂內溝通，無需翻譯，可見浸入法教學在中文作為第二語言的課堂是可行的。研究也發現：老師曾用八種鷹架策略輔助學生學習語言。包括：1.回溯鷹架，2.語言鷹架(包括對話鷹架、句式鷹架以及強勢語言鷹架)，3.可預測書鷹架，4.概念鷹架，5. “引發思維閱讀活動”結構鷹架，6.同儕鷹架，7.示範鷹架，以及8.多媒體輔助鷹架。大部分所用的鷹架策略對非華語學生學中文有幫助，少部分運用不太成熟，仍需改善。
[Copyright © 2010 The Chinese Language Teachers Association.]

Language learning is more than acquisition of linguistic skills but also a social, psychological and cultural process (e.g. Lin, 2012; Ochs, 2002; Vygotsky, 1987). Mother tongue language (MTL) is a core subject in most countries/regions' school curriculum. Usually, the language is both the tool with which knowledge and skills are taught and learned, and the vehicle for students to learn about the traditions of the countries' literature and culture (e.g. Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2013; Department of Education, UK, 2013a, 2013b; Department of Elementary Education, 2011; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 2011; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2011). However, MTL education in Hong Kong is complicated by the colonial history. Traditionally, Chinese language education was a mixture of education on philosophy, history, politics and literacy. On the other hand, as a British colony, the previous Hong Kong MTL curriculum emphasized more on linguistics skills instead of transmission of Chinese cultural, literary and ethical values. With the sovereignty of Hong Kong returned to China in 1997, the new Chinese language curriculum seems to reflect a shift to a more all-rounded model. This study looks at the role of culture in MTL education in postcolonial Hong Kong. It takes a critical perspective on the ways in which a language teacher views the aims and objectives of the language subject he/she is teaching as immediately affecting both the design and pedagogies in the curriculum. So what are Hong Kong language teachers' perspectives on mother tongue language education in the postcolonial period? Interviews were administrated to explore how language teachers view the aims and objectives of MTL education as well as their current practice. Results of the interview on seventeen teachers indicate that although teachers agreed that culture is an important element in MTL education, their practice

This paper explores tow major challenges facing students using English as a language of instruction (ELI) in secondary education and discusses some pedagogical principles teachers need to apply to help students meet these challenges. The two challenges explored are: 1) learning complex curriculum content; and 2) learning the complex language of the content, with academic language becoming a focus of learning. Three pedagogical principles are discussed: 1) plan from the content; 2) integrate content and language teaching; and 3) teach the language of the content explicitly. The paper presents three examples of secondary ELI pedagogy to illustrate how the challenges can be met by applying these principles. The three examples show how ELI teachers1) model the language of the content to students, 2) elicit from students the language of the content, and 3) help students write the language of the content. In all the three examples, the ELI teachers identify the language of the content through knowledge relationships, suggesting that this can be an effective aspect of pedagogy in an ELI context. The paper uses data from four projects that researched ELI classrooms in Hong Kong and Xi’an in Mainland China.
[Copyright © 2010 The Asian Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language.]