Psychologists have often been interested in the way individuals respond to and interact with the law. Socio-legal scholars have had a similar interest. This led to a stream of research that sought to identify the ‘legal consciousnesses’ of individuals as they experience legal ideas and situations. The study reported here sought to identify the ‘legal consciousnesses’ of a sample of Hong Kong adolescents in a unique socio-political context. The findings suggested that these young people possessed a ‘bounded’ legal consciousness indicated by their consistent support for obeying the law even when human rights were at stake. Nevertheless, they could envisage the possibility of questioning the law. Developmental and gender differences were identified in these attitudes.
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This paper details how a successful school event, the Teen Entrepreneurs Competition, creates an authentic learning environment and builds up a win-win mechanism for enterprise education and business teacher education in the context of Hong Kong. The detail of this competition, including the rationale behind it, its features, organisation, timeframe, level of participation, outcome, benefits, and some ideas for future development are clearly outlined.
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Whole person development is an important aspect in the contemporary education. It is one of the education objectives of the HKSAR as shown in Aims of Edcuation(1993) and Educaiton Blueprint (1999). Although its importance is recognized by most educators in Hong Kong, few integrated curriculum of Whole person development is provided in local school systems. Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIED) has attempted to provide Personal and Social Education (PSE) which is one of the integrative curriculum to achieve Whole person development to the student-teachers in the hope that they can implement PSE in local schools in future. To improve the teaching and learning and the curriculum development of PSE, a module evaluation was conducted at 1997 to collect feedback from students. 377 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. This paper reports the result of the evaluation and makes suggestion for the PSE curriculum development. The students' evaluation toward the module was good. They enjoyed the teaching and learning process. The module was systemic, relevant and practical. The reflection for the formation of full integrated curriculum of PSE in teacher education program and primary school are discussed. There is a need for the educators to develop and implement the concept of PSE in the local school context.

Teaching practice in schools is a vital part in teacher education in Hong Kong. This paper aims at reporting a study of a number of student teachers of Economic and Public Affairs (E.P.A.) practised teaching in secondary schools in Hong Kong. Some of the secondary schools use English as medium as instruction but most of them use Chinese as medium. Questionnaires were administered to student teachers to collect information and views about their field experience in those schools. Interviews were also conducted to collect more in-depth information and data. Information regarding the kinds of support from regular teachers in their practising schools, the instructional approaches employed, the types and sources of instructional materials used, the extent of student involvement in classroom activities, and the problems encountered in preparing and conducting lessons etc. were investigated. Results of the study shows that most of the student teachers of E.P.A. under study inclined to receive more support from regular teachers in schools, highly rated their effective uses of instructional materials, rated their E.P.A. lessons as student-centered, attributed teaching and learning difficulties to classroom management problems, and indicated reliance on textbooks as the main source of teaching and learning information was minimal. Suggestions for improvement in organizing teaching practices and enhancement of the effectiveness of field experience in the subject Economic and Public Affairs in schools were also made.

Textbooks have long been very important tools for the relevant subject teachers in Hong Kong. But very few teachers and researchers have discussed and investigated the role of textbooks in the teaching of Economic and Public Affairs (EPA). The aim of this paper is to highlight important aspects of the characteristics of EPA textbooks in Hong Kong and examine the ways that teachers have used EPA textbooks. In Hong Kong the shortage of time means that teachers often rely on textbooks to help them to present the teaching points to the students. This should not constitute a hindrance to the teaching process if textbooks are well written and teachers are aware of the limitations of textbooks and appropriate steps are taken to overcome these limitations. But when the case of EPA teaching and learning is examined it is found that the situation is deplorable. One of the reasons is that EPA textbooks have not been written in such a way that enquiry learning is promoted. After a content analysis of EPA textbooks is made, it is found that most writers of EPA textbooks are concerned with providing great amount of information to the students. Few attempts are made to give students the opportunity to probe and reflect on the controversies associated with the issues in public affairs in Hong Kong. Moreover, the issue of depth versus breadth is also aroused. In short, the writers of textbooks consider that breadth is more important than depth. Hence few single issues are discussed in greater depth in EPA textbooks. This shortcoming of textbooks can be overcome if teachers use EPA textbooks more appropriately. But due to shortage of time most teachers just overwhelmingly follow textbooks and they are not willing to supplement the use of textbooks by other resources and materials. Worse still, in many cases the teaching and learning of EPA is reduced to underlining and short explanation of important and key sentences in textbooks. The issue should cause concern among textbook writers,

This study documents how the social education curriculum in Hong Kong has changed since Hong Kong's return to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Employing qualitative methods of classroom observations, interviews, and documentary analysis, the researchers found changes in mandated topics in the curriculum (such as increased attention to global issues, global economic connections, Chinese identity), pedagogy (such as strategies for active learning), resources (such as materials from UNICEF) and attitudes (such as empathy for people in less developed parts of the world). The findings also include a comparison of local versus international schools, changes in teacher education courses, and teachers' perspectives on issues they face today.