Introduction: Despite the increasingly widespread popularity of electronic devices, there are limited comprehensive studies on the effects of usage and exposure to multiple electronic devices over extended periods of time. Therefore, this study explored the cumulative musculoskeletal implications of exposure to various electronic devices among university students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered in the university in Hong Kong and students provided information about the frequency and duration of electronic devices use, including computers, mobile phones and game consoles, and reported on any musculoskeletal pain or discomfort that may relate to electronic devices usage in the immediate 12 months prior to the survey date. Results: A total of 503 university students (59% males and 41% females) aged 18-25 years completed the questionnaire. The results showed that 251 (49.9%) respondents reported upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly in the neck and shoulder regions. Among these, 155 (61.8%) indicated that their discomfort was related to electronic device usage. Statistically significant differences in exposure to electronic devices and musculoskeletal outcomes between genders were found (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of electronic devices and habitual postures were associated with musculoskeletal problems among university students in Hong Kong. This phenomenon highlights the urgent need for ergonomics education and recommendations to increase students' awareness of musculoskeletal wellbeing.

The past decade has seen immense change within the radiography profession internationally, as technical advancements and education and training initiatives have evolved to keep pace with the demands of the clinical environment. In Hong Kong (HK), it is necessary to establish a Continuous Professional Development (CPD) model for radiographers, to objectively monitor and assess the performance of individual radiographers throughout their working lives. Consequently, the current thesis aims: To investigate the need to implement a CPD scheme for Diagnostic Radiographers in HK, which will guide clinical performance and act as a means of monitoring the career progression of individuals within the profession. Information gained in this study will be used to identify the potential for improvement in radiography services and education via the creation of a CPD driven performance model. Objectives The objectives of this study are to: i) investigate and evaluate the current means of assessing clinical performance of Diagnostic Radiographers within the public hospitals in HK; ii) ascertain the views and opinions of relevant stakeholders on specialisation, CPD and role extension of Diagnostic Radiographers in HK; iii) suggest a CPD model for monitoring clinical performance of diagnostic radiographers at all levels of progress within the profession, based on the competencies identified and the consensus views of relevant stakeholders; iv) consult and seek professional views on the CPD model within the clinical environment in HK; v) establish a CPD model, following consultation feedback, for assessing clinical performance of Diagnostic Radiographers in HK that supports professional development. Methods The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The target population included all radiographers and radiologists employed within the HA, all radiography academics, and an Executive Manager (Allied Health