This study evaluated a conceptual model with which to explore the influence of parental financial socialization in a sample of Hong Kong adolescent students and to evaluate how school financial education impacted the model's results. Baseline data, collected before the financial intervention, revealed that parental financial socialization positively influenced adolescent financial behaviors as mediated by financial learning outcomes and psychological transformation, in sequence. Model results based on follow-up tests suggested that the positive link between parental financial norms and adolescents’ financial attitudes was stronger in the experimental group than in the control (no financial intervention) group, but the positive link between direct parental teaching and self-control in financial behaviors was weaker in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Neither differential direct pathways linking financial learning outcomes to financial behaviors nor differential indirect pathways mediated by psychological transformation were identified. These findings improve the understanding of parental financial socialization in the context of school education. The results produce multiple research questions to be considered in future studies. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study addresses the link between overeducation and intention to migrate to the Greater Bay Area (GBA) cities in mainland China in a sample of Hong Kong’s young adults employed in lower occupational classes (elementary occupations, plant and machine operators and assemblers, craft and related workers, and service and sales workers). The results indicate that overeducation has a unique negative effect on attitudes towards migration to GBA. The findings suggest that social capital theory rather than human capital theory is better able to explain the motivation of Hong Kong’s young people to invest in higher education. This research may help policy makers review the expansion of higher education in Hong Kong and provide valuable policy implications for regional integration between Hong Kong and mainland China. Copyright © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Financial capability is an important competence for adolescents, and secondary school is a natural setting in which to deliver financial education courses. Currently, however, little empirical evidence has been published on the effects of in-school financial education on financial capability in adolescents. This pilot study brought together a randomized experimental design, a combination of local and non-local financial education courses, comprehensive measurements, and multi-level structural equation modeling for data analysis to evaluate the outcomes of a financial education project in a representative sample of Hong Kong adolescents. Results demonstrated that our financial intervention made a positive impact on objective financial knowledge and financial self-efficacy but a negative one on financial behaviors. Positive effects on financial self-efficacy were stronger in male adolescents than in females. Our findings represent an important contribution to the literature regarding financial education at the secondary school level. Copyright © 2019 Springer Nature B.V.

The mismatch between financial objective and subjective knowledge that occurs in youth and adolescents has been understudied in the literature. Based on objective and subjective financial literacy scores, this study categorizes financial literacy into four types: financial literacy overconfidence, underconfidence, competence, and naïvete in a sample of adolescents. Data were collected from 330 students aged around 15 years old in six middle schools in Hong Kong. The results indicate that adolescents who are overconfident about their financial literacy are more likely to engage in risky financial behavior and report higher levels of financial autonomy. A randomized experimental trial was conducted to assess whether financial education could change the mismatch between financial objective and subjective knowledge. The results show a significant increase in underconfidence after the financial education intervention, but no significant change in the other three categories. The findings highlight the same type of financial literacy overconfidence in both adolescents and adults and has implications for financial counselors and educators who would improve the financial engagement of adolescents. Copyright © 2021 Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education, U.S.A.

Despite national policies, de facto school segregation for racial/ethnic minority students in the West and East has continued to deepen. In Hong Kong, the segregated school system was abolished in 2013, while from 2004 reformed School Places Allocation Systems encouraged minority students to choose mainstream primary and secondary schools. However, de facto ethnicity-based school segregation continues to prevail. Most minority students in the mainstream system are stuck in low-status schools where they face discrimination and institutional exclusion. This has led many of them to retreat to a limited number of schools that have traditionally catered for minority communities. Such segregation calls forth scholarly attention to the paradoxical correlation between the physical mixing of diverse students and equality of educational opportunity, especially equal access to post-secondary education (PSE)—a key for minority youth to function in the competitive labour market. This study employed the theory of school-based social capital (SBSC) and compared the ways in which PSE-relevant institutional resources and support were rationalised and enacted by staff in de facto segregated and desegregated school contexts. Case studies of two secondary schools lead us to argue that desegregation is only effective when institutional structure, culture and agents empower minority students through access to instrumental resources and support for the pursuit of PSE. The findings confound the desegregation policy and call for structural/institutional interventions to ensure instrumental SBSC is accessible to PSE-bound minority students in all schools, and thus increase the effectiveness of school desegregation. Copyright © 2023 British Educational Research Association.

School counsellors in Hong Kong constitute an underutilised resource in supporting the wellbeing of young people. We investigated how counsellors working in local and international schools perceived their roles and professional status. Counsellors were both surveyed and interviewed. Findings indicate that local school counsellors have a low professional status and an unclear identity compared to their international counterparts. As a group, they are marginalised and disempowered within their own school settings, reducing their effectiveness, and limiting the benefits they can provide to students. Policy innovation at school level is needed to better utilise school counsellors. Professional organisations have an important role to play in educating the community about school counselling and advocating for policy change at school and government levels. Copyright © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

In Hong Kong, around 33,000 non-Chinese speaking ethnic minority (NCS-EM) students were studying in local schools in 2019-2020, and nearly 40% were kindergarten children. However, from 2015 to 2019, the percentage of NCS-EM students admitted to government-funded postsecondary programmes remained 10% lower than that of the overall student population (Legislative Council Secretariat, 2020). Many NCS-EM students have experienced challenges in school adaptation because of difficulties with Chinese language. Studies on NCS-EM children’s problems in Chinese learning revealed that insufficient exposure to Chinese language in children’s daily living made them lag behind their Chinese-speaking peers (Oxfam et al., 2019). Even though some of them were locally born, their Chinese language proficiency, especially in recognizing Chinese characters and writing Chinese characters, remained a concern (Legislative Council Secretariat, 2018; Oxfam et al., 2019). This paper suggests immersing cultural responsiveness in support of NCS-EM children in learning Chinese language and social-emotional skills. The focus will be on teacher professional development, curriculum planning, and learning and teaching. Practical suggestions derived from a five-year Hong Kong based ‘C-for-Chinese@JC’ Project, which underscores the use of culturally responsive education benchmarks in kindergartens, are given. Guidelines for providing support to NCS-EM children for building up a learning environment with equity will be proposed. Copyright © 2023 ACEID.

Objective: This research focused on the psychosocial influences that account for differences in academic achievement and motivation among ethnic minority and ethnic majority students in Hong Kong. Methods: A cross-sectional correlation was conducted on 154 students in total. Specifically, 86 ethnic minority students and 68 local Chinese students. Researchers assessed students’ ethnic identity, academic self-concept, perceived parental expectations, ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies, actual/ideal self-discrepancies, ethnic group, academic achievement and academic motivation. Results: A significant t-test indicated greater ethnic identity in the ethnic minority group. A moderated mediation model suggested that ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies predicted a negative correlation with academic motivation through the mediation of actual/ideal self-discrepancies; a stronger effect was shown in ethnic minority students. A significant mediation of academic self-concept was found between perceived parental expectations and academic outcomes. Moderated mediations revealed that ethnic identity produced a positive correlation with academic motivation in students between ethnic groups; a stronger effect was shown in ethnic majority students. Implications: Implementation of growth mindset interventions, frequent parent communication, heritage language classes and teachers of same ethnic origin in educational institutions are recommended. Conclusion: Ethnic identity, ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies and perceived parental expectations are notable psychosocial factors to consider in the academic outcomes of all students and especially those of ethnic minority descent. All rights reserved.

Background Depression is a mental illness common in university studies as they have high academic stress and their life transition. However, depression is being stigmatized by university students; hence they showed lower intention to seek mental health services when they are suffering from depression. Research targeting the short online stigma reduction program is scarce. Therefore, a short online psychoeducation training about depression which is regarding the theory of planned behavior, was employed in the current study to reduce university stigma towards depression and increase help-seeking intention.Method There were totally 40 undergraduate students in the Education University of Hong Kong divided into two groups to complete a pre-test survey, intervention, and posttest measure regarding depression. Among them, half were divided into the experimental group to receive psychoeducation training in the intervention stage, while another half were divided into the control groups to do the unrelated training to test and compare the effectiveness of psychoeducation training. The hypotheses were tested using mixed measure ANOVA.Result The results of the repeated measure ANOVA on SPSS suggested that university students who participated in the short online psychoeducation training could help reduce their threatening illness perception towards depression and increase their intention of seeking mental health service for depressive symptoms. At the same time, it did not indicate such result for those who did not participate in psychoeducation training. However, both two groups did not show a significant reduction in stigmatizing attitudes towards depression or improvement of acceptance towards students with depression. Thus, there was a trend of progress on these two components in the experimental group.Conclusion The current study indicated that the theory of planned behavior could serve as an approach for reducing threatening illness perception towards depression and increasing