Education for sustainable Development (ESD) in Hong Kong schools is administered by the Environmental Campaign Committee (ECC) through its core education programs, mainly the Hong Kong Green School Awards (HKGSA) and Student Environmental Protection Ambassador Scheme (SEPAS). This is supported partly by the SAR Government Education and Development Bureau (EDB) which seeks the permeation of ESD through the formal curriculum but is seriously hindered by the curriculum structure. Research recently conducted by the authors reveals that there are still questions to be answered regarding the readiness and willingness of schools to engage with ESD. In China, on the other hand, ESD is being promoted mainly through its Green School Program administered by the State Ministry of Education (MOE) and sponsored by the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). This chapter provides an in-depth description and comparison of the history, development, and the theoretical framework of ESD for schools in Hong Kong and Mainland China.