Aviation is a multidisciplinary subject that has influenced human development over the last century. Learning about aviation exposes students to principles of flight, earth science, aeronautical engineering, language, aviation communication and airmanship. In higher education, many non-aviation undergraduates participate in aviation related activities to have a first glimpse of the aviation industry and equip themselves with basic concepts. This study aims to examine learning perception among 82 university students who have participated in a series of online aviation career exploration activities during the pandemic in Hong Kong and China. They participated in virtual visits and career talks led by aviation professionals, hands-on flight simulation activities and online discussion in an online lab setting. A mixed research method was employed with the use of a motivational survey, teachers’ observation and semi-structured interviews to understand students’ learning perceptions. This study found that flying laboratory activities could effectively motivate students to learn aviation and improve their aviation knowledge. This could promote students’ aviation industry optimism, which may help the industry to recover in the post-pandemic world. This article offers recommendations for online engineering educators to use emerging technologies to teach aviation for future career preparation. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

In recent years, AI technologies have been developed to promote students' self-regulated learning (SRL) and proactive learning in digital learning environments. This paper discusses a comparative study between generative AI-based (SRLbot) and rule-based AI chatbots (Nemobot) in a 3-week science learning experience with 74 Secondary 4 students in Hong Kong. The experimental group used SRLbot to maintain a regular study habit and facilitate their SRL, while the control group utilized rule-based AI chatbots. Results showed that SRLbot effectively enhanced students' science knowledge, behavioural engagement and motivation. Quantile regression analysis indicated that the number of interactions significantly predicted variations in SRL. Students appreciated the personalized recommendations and flexibility of SRLbot, which adjusted responses based on their specific learning and SRL scenarios. The ChatGPT-enhanced instructional design reduced learning anxiety and promoted learning performance, motivation and sustained learning habits. Students' feedback on learning challenges, psychological support and self-regulation behaviours provided insights into their progress and experience with this technology. SRLbot's adaptability and personalized approach distinguished it from rule-based chatbots. The findings offer valuable evidence for AI developers and educators to consider generative AI settings and chatbot design, facilitating greater success in online science learning. Copyright © 2024 The Authors.

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy is widely recognized as a new set of competencies that people use AI effectively and ethically in everyday life. In K-12 education, educators have started to employ different pedagogical strategies to foster students' AI literacy. Using digital story writing (DSW) in the classroom is an effective inquiry-based pedagogical approach to address literacy development by improving language and technological abilities across disciplines. This study recruited 82 primary students in Hong Kong to attend a three-month DSW journey to learn AI and completed a knowledge test at the end of the program. Among the students, 16 best-achieving students were further invited to participate in artefact-based interviews, and we further analysed their work to understand how they formulate AI understandings. It is found that the participating students were able to propose an authentic scenario, apply their new knowledge of AI and think up meaningful AI-driven solutions in their digital stories. Furthermore, we examined students' DSW process in terms of inquiry-based pedagogical cycle (orientation, conceptualization, investigation, conclusion, discussion) to demonstrate how they learn AI. Overall, DSW as an inquiry could effectively foster students' AI literacy in using and applying AI knowledge to solve real-life problems, far beyond merely knowing and understanding related concepts. We suggest that using DSW as a pedagogy has the potential to support students to scaffold students’ AI understanding, particularly for young children. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Aim/Purpose: This article aims at the critical present: to serve a constructive purpose in the current COVID-19 crisis by presenting practice driven pedagogical strategies for online learning and teaching. It acknowledges the multitude of challenges faced by educators through the delivery of online instructional strategies for schools.Background: The development of information technology enables online learning and blended learning to be increasingly popular in extending students’ learning opportunities. Technology-enabled learning approaches make students’ learning more flexible and personalized. In Hong Kong, one of the first few cities where the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was first reported, school classes have been suspended since the end of Lunar New Year on February 3, 2020.Methodology: This research used a qualitative method of multiple case analysis to explore how three educators from primary, secondary, and tertiary institutes employed various strategies to offer learning and teaching as usual. Naturalistic inquiry was used to observe, describe, and interpret the “lived experiences” of the three educators and the perceptions of stakeholders.Contribution: Since early February 2020, school classes have been suspended amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, one of the first cities where the coronavirus outbreak was first reported. This timely article overviews effective practices with the use of online learning technologies to support academia from around the world to achieve teaching and learning in an online environment.Findings: Results indicate that meaningful cognitive activities rely on teachers’ leading role to build a blended approach that combines the advantages of asynchronous and synchronous methods in order to facilitate social interaction among students. Furthermore, our research has revealed that educators are likely to perceive three non-teaching challenges on a rapid blended transition of the learning – digital divide, data privacy, and professional

The teaching and learning of architectural heritage can play a vital role in engaging students in envisioning the past and nurturing their cultural identity. However, this endeavour often faces challenges stemming from limited access to heritage sites and varying levels of student interest in the subject matter. This project introduces an augmented reality (AR) book design that seamlessly integrates pop-up three-dimensional models with a dedicated mobile app, effectively illustrating the architectural designs of educational heritages in Hong Kong Central and Western District. An evaluative study was conducted to assess the usability of the AR book for architectural heritage education, which employed a mixed-methods design comprising questionnaire survey with heritage education undergraduate students (N = 80) and semi-structured interviews with a subset of the participants. The results revealed a favourable response to the use of AR technology for virtual representations of cultural heritage, alongside participants’ positive attitudes towards the virtual learning experience facilitated by the AR book. The findings of this study underscore the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating AR technology into architectural heritage education. This integration can offer digitally mediated learning experiences that actively engage young learners in the exploration and preservation of cultural heritage. Copyright © 2024 by the owner/author(s).

Introduction: Students’ peer relatedness is vital to their academic achievement and engagement. However, little is known about the mechanisms that can explain such a link in health professions education, especially in interprofessional education (IPE), where interprofessional socialization is promoted. To address the research gap in understanding the social dynamics embedded within IPE and their impact on crucial motivational outcomes, this study examines how peer relatedness (belonging) mediates the link between motivation (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and engagement in IPE. Methods: Data from 841 students enrolled in IPE from Medicine, Nursing, Social Work, Chinese Medicine, Pharmacy, Speech and Hearing Sciences, Clinical Psychology, and Food and Nutritional Science from a university in Hong Kong were used in this study. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were collected at baseline, while peer relatedness need satisfaction and engagement and disaffection in IPE were assessed after four weeks. We used a fully latent structural equation model to examine whether peer relatedness mediated the link between motivation and engagement in IPE. Results: Our results indicate that intrinsic motivation at baseline significantly increases engagement and reduces disaffection four weeks later, while extrinsic motivation shows the opposite effect. Crucially, the adaptive role of motivation to engagement was significantly mediated by relatedness from IPE teams. Specifically, the effect of students’ motivation on their engagement/disaffection in IPE can be partially explained by their relatedness within IPE teams. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of peer relatedness in IPE, highlighting its role in harnessing student motivation to foster student engagement. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms in IPE and highlight the value of collaborative learning environments in fulfilling students’ need for relatedness, thereby fostering

This article analyses the history of a secondary school subject in Hong Kong called ‘Liberal Studies’ which was introduced as a compulsory school subject in 2009 and replaced by ‘Citizenship and Social Development’ in 2021. Through an analysis of curriculum guidelines, government publications, media articles, and the extant literature we explain both why it was created and replaced. What emerges is that the subject was both a product and victim of the shifting political climate in post-handover Hong Kong. Its emergence was linked to the post-handover restructuring of the education system, the quest for educational reform and facilitated by a process of referencing global trends and overseas models. Its demise was the result of direct state intervention following the introduction of the National Security Law in 2020. The subject was seen to encourage anti-government protests, have failed to educate patriotic citizens and its replacement justified by reference to the need for national security and nation building. We discuss the relevance of LS with regards to models of curriculum change. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s).

This study designed and evaluated a pedagogical innovation which used Scratch coding to foster Grade 4 students to co-develop subject knowledge and computational thinking (CT) in English Language classrooms. A 280-minute teaching in four lessons was arranged for 205 students from ten selected Grade 4 classes in three primary schools at Hong Kong. The Scratch-based pedagogy “To Play and Learn, To Think and Navigate, To Code”–supplementary with four Scratch games and four Scratch activity worksheets–was trialed for engaging students in Scratch coding to explore, think about, apply and consolidate English Language building blocks for talking about locations and directions. The pre-post-test results provide statistically significant evidence that students can advance all three topic-specific knowledge points and all four target CT concepts after learning under the designed pedagogy. The questionnaire survey results reveal the impact of the designed pedagogy on students’ growing awareness of the two target CT practices, and their growing confidence in coding. The focus group interview results reveal students’ confirmation on their success in and satisfaction with the designed pedagogy for developing English Language knowledge and CT competency through coding. This study validates that the pedagogical innovation of learning through coding is potential to foster the co-development of subject knowledge and CT competency in Grade 4 English Language classrooms. Future directions of integrating coding activities into senior primary curriculum are discussed. Copyright © 2022 Asia Pacific Society for Computers in Education.

目前， 現有的針對香港非華語學生的中文教材存在數量有限， 質量參差不齊的問題。筆者認為造成這種現象的原因與在編寫和評估方面缺少理論指導相關。 因此， 為了達到系統且客觀的瞭解現有非華語中文教材的優缺點、 提升非華語學生中文教材的編寫水平,筆者參考了中文二語教材編寫和評估的理論、 原則及相關框架， 建構了適用於香港非華語學生中文教材編寫和評估的理論框架， 即《非華語學生中文教材編寫和評估框架》 。研究同時將框架應用於實踐中， 具體表現為： （1） 根據框架的指引， 評估現有的三套非華語中文教材， 並根據所得結果對框架的內容進行修訂； （2） 根據框架的指引， 編寫適用於課後補習性質中文輔導班的教材並邀請相關領域的前線教師、 專家和學者對教材內容進行評估， 依照評估所得的結果， 進一步修訂和優化框架內容， 從而構建最終版本的框架。研究結果顯示， 依照框架編寫的自編教材內容排布科學， 能夠得到前線教師、 專家及學者的認可。 本研究構建的框架能夠幫助前線教師、 專家及學者編寫和評估針對非華語學生的中文教材。 因為， 非華語學生長期居住在香港社區， 且主要來自於南亞國家，所以框架同時能夠為豐富地域化的教材評估標準做貢獻。All rights reserved.

Information and communication technologies have been rapidly developing and are currently adopted in many aspects of people’s contemporary lives. With the goals to enhance students’ interest and motivation in learning as well as their academic performance, the field of education has also been attempting to utilize various forms of modern technologies in and outside of classrooms. Among different forms of technology, interactive technologies, such as AR technology, have been one of the fastest growing and most popular forms, owing to the high level of interaction and the brand-new experiences that can be provided. AR technologies provide the feature of 3D visualization of virtual objects which is highly applicable to high school education in geology and geography.This study explores using an AR sandbox, an AR technology device designed to help create topography models with sand. In real-time, augmentation can be done to visualize contour lines, simulated water, and elevations to help create physical features within the device. Current studies that explore the use of AR sandbox have focused mainly on the practical applications of the device in terms of design, execution, and implementation, and the effectiveness of the device in enhancing students’ learning performance and outcomes has rarely been studied. To measure students' performance, a pre-test and post-test assessment analysis, a questionnaire survey, and a semi-structured group interview were conducted to collect the relevant data. A total of 126 students from 7 local secondary schools were recruited to participate in the study. Students were randomly allocated to classes in two formats and two geographical topics, including a traditional class and an AR sandbox class to compare the traditional and interactive technology approaches in teaching. The two geographical topics were map reading and farming. To further understand how the device may improve students’ performance in class, the potential determinants of