Research Findings: This study investigated the relationships of preservice teachers’ year of study in the teacher education program, creativity, zest, and self-efficacy in managing children’s behaviors to self-efficacy in creating child-centered learning environments. Data were collected from 275 Hong Kong preservice teachers via self-reported questionnaires. Results showed that creativity had a direct positive linkage with self-efficacy in creating child-centered learning environments. Zest was associated with self-efficacy in creating child-centered learning environments, however, indirectly through self-efficacy in managing children’s behaviors. Year of study was unrelated to both self-efficacies. Practice or Policy: Preservice teachers’ creativity and zest can be conceptualized as personal resources for creating child-centered environments. Teacher education programs should therefore incorporate components of fostering pre-service teachers’ own creativity and zest. Copyright © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

香港的中小學一直採用粵語作爲中文科教學語言。97回歸後，普通話日益受到重視。2002年香港課程發展議會（2002）提出，在中文科“逐步加入普通話學習元素或嘗試用普通話作為教學語言”，並以“用普通話教中文”（普教中，下文簡稱）作為遠程發展目標。政府更資助各院校開辦沉浸課程，以期在普通話的語言環境中，提升准教師的普通話水平。沉浸課程的普通話學習成效究竟如何，一直缺乏實證研究。本文以此為研究物件，希望為相關課程的優化提供參考依據。沉浸式學習（Immersive Learning）是指通過提供真實環境，使學習者高度參與互動，從而提升技能的學習模式，對於語言學習尤其奏效。本文以香港教育大學BEd(CL)沉浸課程為例，從課程定位、預期學習成果、教與學內容及活動、評核模式等方面分析沉浸式學習的課程設計和教學實踐。並參照連續3年共459名學生的評核資料、自我評估和問卷調查結果，檢測學習成效，以期為高校國際漢語沉浸式學習的課程設計與成效評估提供參考依據。BEd(CL)沉浸課程包括普通話能力訓練、本科專題研習、文化考察和教學觀摩等4個學習範疇。旨在讓香港中文准教師走出常規課堂，在真實的母語環境中體驗學習漢語言文化。研究發現，學生參加沉浸課程後考獲的PSC等級普遍有所提高，有超過70%的准教師在參加沉浸課程後達到了PSC二級乙等或以上水準，較之前增加30%；個人成績提升了6分左右；近70%的准教師提升了至少一個等級；沉浸課程對PSC三級甲等或以下等級的提升作用最明顯。研究發現，以PSC為導向的普通話能力訓練，以及語伴活動等多元化的語境實踐，可以從多個層面促進准教師的普通話進步。本科專題研習、文化考察和教學觀摩可以增進中文知識，有效瞭解內地的語文教育和文化風俗，為成為專業中文教師奠定基礎。另外，沉浸課程具備可以提高內在動機和外在動機的多種誘因。同時，承辦機構操作也需要照顧學生的認知和情感；而學習者開放心態，投入學習，也是課程成功的重要因素。 Copyright © 2018 國立臺灣師範大學.

This paper reports on an investigation into a group of student teachers’ reflective learning through a series of integrated and interactive tasks (i.e., collaborative lesson planning, micro-teaching, group consultation and videoed reflections) in a pre-service language teacher education course in Hong Kong. Relying on data gathered from interviews and reflection videos and informed by integrated perspective on teacher identity in practice and activity, the study revealed how the student teachers engaged in reflective practice and identity construction in the course. The facilitating and constraining factors underlying the student teachers’ reflective learning and identity development are also uncovered. The paper concludes with practical implications on how to design and implement effective reflective tasks in preparing and developing competent language teachers. Copyright © 2019 All Academic, Inc.

有關中文二語的教學研究，世界各地在教材和教法方面都有卓越的成就。無論開發教材或探索有效的教學途徑，都必需一個目標清晰的課程，做為教與學的規範，以致評量學習成果及教育資歷的依據。過去十多年，中文二語教學在香港漸趨多元化，外籍學生有學習讀寫繁體字而聽說粵語者，也有學習讀寫繁體字而聽說普通話者，甚或學習讀寫簡化字而聽說普通話者，學習中文的媒介語言完全視乎入讀學校的取向而定。對只是過境香港的外籍學生而言，學習中文與升學和就業的關係或許不大；但對在香港出生和打算在香港長期生活的外籍學生來說，能否學好中文，影響則極其深遠。按 2016 年中期人口統計報告，香港的外籍少數族裔主要包括菲律賓人、印尼人、白人、印度人、尼泊爾人、巴基斯坦人、泰國人和日本人等，各佔總人口 2.5% 至0.1%不等，這些家庭語言並非中文的少數族裔學生為數一萬多人，就讀於不同的本地學校。除了應付日常生活外，中文還是這些學生在香港升學和就業必須跨越的門檻。隨著少數族裔的人口逐步增加，如何處理非華語學生的中文教育問題越趨迫切。要徹底解決非華語學生的中文教育問題，社會輿論對設置中文二語課程有強烈的呼聲，因為學校難以在非華語學生身上實以中文為母語的語文課程原則、策和建議。本來非華語學生學習一些基本的中文口語，已經可以用中文與人溝通，掌握「基本人際溝通能」，但要運用中文學習其他知，卻要增加大量語彙，並培養和心智發展相應的讀寫能，才能達致「認知學術語言水平」。本文關注的是，如何在中文二語課程闕如的情況下，提高學生發展認知學術語言的效能。雖然輿論沸沸揚揚，直接面對教學考驗的始終是前線教師。為此，通過訪問教師所得的啟示，本文建議在非華語學生中文課程中結合小學常科的相關學習內容（例如：個人、家庭、學校、社會事物等），為調適非華語學生中文課程作嶄新嘗試。 Copyright © 2018 國立臺灣師範大學.

香港教育大學自2008年起開設國際漢語教學文學碩士課程（MATCIL），提供漢語本科知識的研習與國際漢語教學專業的培訓，目的在拓展和深化學員對漢語的認識以及對國際漢語教學的理論與實踐的探討。通過學術講座、工作坊、學校探訪、教學體驗等各種學術體驗活動，探討漢語作為非母語學習的學科建構及有效的課堂教學策略，以深化對理論的認識，並把理論付諸實踐。2017年，本課程成為國際文憑組織（IBO）認可的IBDP中文教學證書課程。本課程的核心科目包括漢語課程、教材和教學設計，國際漢語教學法：語音教學、聽說教學，國際漢語教學法：識字教學、讀寫教學，第二語言習得與漢語學習等四個科目。選修科目則有第二語言教學研究方法，跨文化交際，語文教學與資訊科技，IBDP 與中文二語教學以及教學體驗等五個科目。本文討論這個課程如何配合 IB 教學理念，從課程設置、學與教設計、評核方式等方面培訓漢語教師。 Copyright © 2018 國立臺灣師範大學.

The theory-practice debate has been a perennial issue in initial teacher education (ITE). By reporting a mixed-methods study in an ITE programme characterized by a university-based 'theory-first' approach in Hong Kong, this study offers useful empirical evidence to analyse the theory-practice issue. 346 student teachers of a BEd Programme participated in the quantitative survey, 15 of whom were interviewed. The quantitative findings showed significant positive correlations between three types of perceived professional competence and two aspects of student teachers' engagement with the theory-practice link. The qualitative findings offered an in-depth understanding of the ways in which student teachers connected theoretical knowledge learned in ITE coursework and practical experience in ITE fieldwork in developing their professional competence: (1) theoretical knowledge as a guide for professional decisions and a tool for reflection on practice; (2) practicalizing theoretical knowledge: adapting theoretical knowledge to practice situations. In the process of engagement, theoretical knowledge was transformed and adapted to practice situations when student teachers coped with the challenges of the teaching contexts in their ITE fieldwork. While affirming the value of student teachers' engagement with the theory-practice link, the findings of the study shed light on ITE practices for preparing student teachers for such engagement. Copyright © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Teacher attrition is a perennial problem in many countries around the globe. With attrition especially pronounced amongst early career teachers, efforts to retain and sustain these teachers have highlighted the importance of effective mentoring and support programs within schools. However, less is known about the perceptions and experiences of graduates of initial teacher education (ITE) programs who choose not to enter the teacher profession, therefore not benefiting from such mentoring and support, and subsequently being lost to the profession, potentially forever. Therefore, this paper reports on a qualitative case study that investigated the reasons why one group of graduates from an ITE program in Hong Kong chose not to teach. Using in-depth interviews and grounded in a theory of teacher identity construction, the results reveal how the participants struggled to construct their preferred professional identities, in particular during a teaching practicum, and the role this played in their decision not to enter the teaching profession. Implications for how teacher educators can better support preservice teachers as they struggle to construct their professional identities are considered and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Australian Teacher Education Association.