Teachers’ well-being and self-efficacy are two important factors linked to quality education. Recent research examining their bidirectionality has revealed inconsistent findings, while those examining the relationships among pre-service and in-service teachers are scarce. This study investigates the reciprocal relationships between teachers’ well-being and self-efficacy in a sample of Hong Kong early childhood education teachers. Participants were 155 pre-service (n = 77) and in-service (n = 78) teachers (Mage = 23.97, SD = 4.46, female = 92.9%). Participants reported their teachers’ well-being (PERMA model including positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment) and teachers’ self-efficacy at two-time points. The results from the cross-lagged panel model revealed that teachers’ self-efficacy at baseline significantly predicted all aspects of prospective well-being except for engagement. In contrast, none of the teachers’ well-being components significantly predicted later teachers’ self-efficacy, except for accomplishment. The associations between teachers’ self-efficacy and well-being were invariant across pre-service and in-service teachers. The results underscored the importance of teachers’ self-efficacy in facilitating teachers’ well-being. The findings also highlight the utility of intervention efforts targeting teachers’ self-efficacy and well-being, especially in promoting teachers’ accomplishment, at an early stage of their careers. Copyright © 2023 De La Salle University.

This study aims to compare auditory temporal processing and phonological processing across locations and age levels and to test the direct and indirect effects of auditory temporal and phonological processing on proficiency in Chinese character reading. We recruited 108 typically developing children — 25 and 24 kindergarteners from Taiwan and Hong Kong, respectively, and 34 and 25 primary school students from Taiwan and Hong Kong, respectively. Our findings showed that, before learning PCS, the languages’ phonological complexity did not affect the importance of ATP in Chinese reading. Also, we found the use of PCS could lead to a direct effect from students’ ATP to Chinese character reading as well as through phonological awareness. Our findings indicated that ways of learning to read influence children’s patterns of cognitive and linguistic abilities, which should be considered in teaching designs for reading. Copyright © 2023 Fundacion Infancia y Aprendizaje.

This study examined the interrelationships among playfulness, prosocial skills, and school readiness of Hong Kong kindergarten children across time. Participants were 106 local children (55.6% boys, mean age = 60.0 months) and their parents and teachers. At time 1, parents reported their child’s age, gender, and playfulness. Six months later at time 2, teachers reported children’s prosocial skills and school readiness. The structural equation model revealed that children’s playfulness at time 1 significantly predicted their prosocial skills at time 2, and that their prosocial skills and school readiness at time 2 were positively associated. The indirect relationship between playfulness and school readiness as mediated through prosocial skills was significant, whereas the direct relationship was non-significant. These findings suggest that children’s playfulness may contribute to school readiness by fostering prosocial skills. Practically, results highlight the utility of promoting children’s playfulness and prosocial skills to support their formal school transition. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Effective teacher training programs entail cultivating not only professional teaching competencies but also promoting psychological strengths. However, there is a lack of investigation into how different modes of delivering psychological interventions influence well-being outcomes in the teaching profession, such as preschool educators. This study examines the effects of different technologically driven modes of implementing a PROSPER-based psychological intervention on positivity, relationship, outcome, strengths, purpose, engagement, and resilience. One hundred twenty-eight pre-service preschool teachers were randomly assigned to (1) the full intervention (i.e., online workshop and smartphone app); (2) the online workshop; (3) the smartphone app; and (4) the wait-list control group. The results demonstrated that the online workshop mode yielded the strongest intervention effects on well-being outcomes: positivity, purpose, engagement, and resilience. Although the smartphone app mode did not significantly improve psychological outcomes, combining this approach with the online workshop format appeared to have positive retention effects on positivity at the Time 3 follow-up. The findings suggest that the traditional mode of implementing positive psychological interventions could be more effective than the smartphone app-based mode in bolstering pre-service teachers' well-being. Copyright © 2023 International Association of Applied Psychology.

In Hong Kong, around 33,000 non-Chinese speaking ethnic minority (NCS-EM) students were studying in local schools in 2019-2020, and nearly 40% were kindergarten children. However, from 2015 to 2019, the percentage of NCS-EM students admitted to government-funded postsecondary programmes remained 10% lower than that of the overall student population (Legislative Council Secretariat, 2020). Many NCS-EM students have experienced challenges in school adaptation because of difficulties with Chinese language. Studies on NCS-EM children’s problems in Chinese learning revealed that insufficient exposure to Chinese language in children’s daily living made them lag behind their Chinese-speaking peers (Oxfam et al., 2019). Even though some of them were locally born, their Chinese language proficiency, especially in recognizing Chinese characters and writing Chinese characters, remained a concern (Legislative Council Secretariat, 2018; Oxfam et al., 2019). This paper suggests immersing cultural responsiveness in support of NCS-EM children in learning Chinese language and social-emotional skills. The focus will be on teacher professional development, curriculum planning, and learning and teaching. Practical suggestions derived from a five-year Hong Kong based ‘C-for-Chinese@JC’ Project, which underscores the use of culturally responsive education benchmarks in kindergartens, are given. Guidelines for providing support to NCS-EM children for building up a learning environment with equity will be proposed. Copyright © 2023 ACEID.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the PROSPER, a comprehensive framework which emphasises the importance of positivity, relationships, outcome, strength, purpose, engagement, and resilience in pre-service teachers’ well-being in Hong Kong. Participants were pre-service pre-school teachers (N = 77) who participated in a 1-month randomised control trial with four intervention workshops. They were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 40) or wait-list control conditions (n = 37). A survey with measures that assessed PROSPER well-being components was administered to participants before and after the intervention. Findings of repeated measures MANCOVA revealed no significant time x group interaction effect, Wilks’ Lambda F(7, 50) = 1.66, p = .14, η² = .19. Results of univariate analyses showed that a significant time x group interaction effect existed in relationship component (η² = .08), indicating that the intervention was effective in facilitating pre-service pre-school teachers’ positive relationships with their peers. Findings underscore the potential benefits of designing positive psychological interventions for teachers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This study assessed the effect of a teacher professional development (PD) programme that incorporated culturally responsive teaching on Chinese kindergarten teachers' perceptions of learning motivation of ethnic minority (EM) vs. Chinese pupils in Hong Kong. The moderating role of classroom ethnic composition was examined. Forty-five teachers in the intervention group attended 20 sessions of PD courses over 10 months, whereas 40 teachers who did not attend the current programme formed a control group. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess teacher perceptions of learning motivation and engagement of Chinese and EM pupils. Hierarchical structure of data was accounted for with multilevel modelling. Results showed that the intervention resulted in positive changes in teacher perceptions of learning motivation of EM (vs. Chinese) pupils among teachers working in classrooms with low proportions of EM pupils when compared to teachers in the control group. The findings highlighted that teachers' cultural diversity training programmes should be evaluated in relation to classroom ethnic composition and other contextual factors that influence the quality and frequency of interethnic contact. Copyright © 2022 Routledge.

Objective: This study examines the effects of a well-being intervention based on the PROSPER (i.e., Positivity, Relationship, Outcomes, Strength, Purpose, Engagement, and Resilience) framework, on well-being outcomes among preschool in-service teachers in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: We recruited 76 in-service teachers (Mage=26.05, SD=4.71, nfemale=93.4%). Participants completed a survey that measured the PROSPER components of well-being in baseline and 2-month after baseline, from February 2021 to May 2021. They were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n=36; who received four intervention workshops, an online activity and four educational videos with self-reflection activity) and waitlist control group (n=40; who received four intervention workshops after completing the data collection). MANCOVA and ANCOVA, controlling for sex, age and teaching experience, were adopted to examine the intervention effects.Results: MANCOVA results showed a significant multivariate group x time interaction effect of the intervention on the PROSPER outcome variables compared to the control group, Wilks’ Lambda F(7,65) =3.80, p<.001, η2=.29. Results of univariate analyses suggested that participants in the intervention group scored significantly higher on positivity, strength, purpose, and resilience (η2=.08-.11, p<.05) than those in the control condition over time.Conclusion: Our findings provide preliminary evidence on the mental health benefits of the PROSPER-based psychological intervention program among in-service preschool teachers. School principals are encouraged to invest in school-based teacher training initiatives that focus on teachers’ well-being as pandemic-related job stressors might potentially deplete their psychological resources and mental health. Copyright © 2022 European Conference on Education.

With the poverty rate of Hong Kong reaching 23.6%, the development and well-being of children from economically disadvantaged families becomes a concern for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Children with lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds tend to have poorer development in early language and literacy skills, which may then adversely affect their later academic achievement and school success. This development gap between low- and middle-SES children may begin in kindergarten and persist throughout their formal education and beyond. This may be particularly true for ethnic minority groups, which often have to deal with not only economic pressure but also other stressors, including prejudice, discrimination, and cultural adaption. Composed of mostly Southeast Asians, ethnic minority groups constitute about 8% of the Hong Kong population. Importantly, the number of ethnic minority children continues to rise, underscoring the importance of increasing teachers’ multicultural competence and promoting the cultural integration among students in school. In this talk, the speaker will provide an overview about the language and literacy development among children from low-SES and ethnic minority families. The speaker will also explain how we may support these children by promoting culturally responsive teaching in kindergartens, providing professional training for early childhood educators and multicultural teaching assistants, and developing culturally responsive education benchmarks. Copyright © 2022 PECERA-HK.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-component positive psychology intervention on psychological well-being (i.e., autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relationships, purpose in life, personal growth and self-acceptance) outcomes among pre-service preschool teachers in Hong Kong.Method: Participants were pre-service preschool teachers (N=67, Mage=21.45, SD=3.46, nfemale=95.3%). They were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n=34; who received four intervention workshops and a theory-driven mobile phone application) and waitlist control group (n=33; who received intervention materials after completing the data collection). Participants completed a survey that measured their psychological well-being at baseline and two months later. MANCOVA and ANCOVA were used to examine the intervention effects by adjusting for sex and age.Results: MANCOVA results showed no significant multivariate group x time interaction effects of the intervention on psychological well-being, Wilks’ Lambda F(6,58) =2.04, p=.07, η2=.17. However, in the results of ANCOVA, significant group x time interaction effects were found in environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth, and self-acceptance (η2=.09-.14, p<.05). The results showed that the intervention group scored significantly higher on those variables than the control group over time.Conclusion: The multi-component positive psychology intervention is a promising way to promote four dimensions of pre-service teachers’ psychological well-being. Positive psychology training (e.g., introduction of growth mindset, SMART goals, psychological needs support) can be included in teacher education to equip the pre-service teachers with positive psychological skills/mindset before entering the stressful teaching environment. Copyright © 2022 European Conference on Education.